UNHCR Protection Manual

On accelerated RSD procedures for persons in pre-removal detention at the airport; access to interpreters and obligation to submit the refugee application in French; short delay to submit a refugee application; non-suspensive effect of the appeal; absence of safeguards ensuring the effective respect of the principle of non-refoulement

on the scope of Article 1F(b) and (c); exclusion in cases involving membership of a terrorist organization; proportionality.

In this study the author provides a detailed explanation of Islamic Shari’a and Arab customs, including the standards and norms which underpin the legal framework on which the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees bases its activities. The author describes how Islam honoured refugees, even if they were non-Muslims, forbade forcing them to change their beliefs, did not compromise their rights, helped reunite families and guaranteed the protection of their lives and possessions. This is a valuable comparative study on the norms of Islamic Shari’a and international law regarding refugees and asylum, as well as migration and forced displacement.

On the object and purpose of Subsidiary Protection Status under the EC Qualification Directive of 29 April 2004; the context and object of Article 15(c) of the Qualification Directive; the meaning of "individual threat"; the meaning of "internal armed conflict"; the meaning of "indiscriminate violence"; the meaning of a real risk of a threat to life or person.