Keywords
Adjudication of asylum claims (refugee status determination / asylum procedures)
Acts of persecutionActs of persecution (55)
Agents of persecutionAgents of persecution (39)
Article 1DArticle 1D (17)
Blood feudsBlood feuds (49)
CancellationCancellation (14)
Cessation clausesCessation clauses (159)
Changes of circumstances in home countryChanges of circumstances in home country (181)
Convention refugeeConvention refugee (95)
Cumulative grounds of persecutionCumulative grounds of persecution (14)
Denial of refugee statusDenial of refugee status (441)
Derivative statusDerivative status (37)
Discrimination based on race, nationality, ethnicityDiscrimination based on race, nationality, ethnicity (7,221)
Exclusion clausesExclusion clauses (341)
Gang related violenceGang related violence (209)
Gender-based persecutionGender-based persecution (730)
Grounds for persecutionGrounds for persecution (136)
Group / Prima facie determinationGroup / Prima facie determination (60)
Inclusion clausesInclusion clauses (10)
Internal flight alternative (IFA) / Internal relocation alternative (IRA) / Internal protection alternative (IPA)Internal flight alternative (IFA) / Internal relocation alternative (IRA) / Internal protection alternative (IPA) (747)
Mandate statusMandate status (26)
Manifestly unfounded / Clearly abusive claimsManifestly unfounded / Clearly abusive claims (119)
Mental harmMental harm (4)
Military service / Conscientious objection / Desertion / Draft evasion / Forced conscriptionMilitary service / Conscientious objection / Desertion / Draft evasion / Forced conscription (1,696)
Non-state agents of persecutionNon-state agents of persecution (937)
One-child policy / Family planningOne-child policy / Family planning (85)
Persecution based on class/wealth/occupationPersecution based on class/wealth/occupation (143)
Persecution based on nationalityPersecution based on nationality (228)
Persecution based on political opinionPersecution based on political opinion (3,869)
Persecution of family membersPersecution of family members (372)
Persecution on the basis of sexual orientation or gender identityPersecution on the basis of sexual orientation or gender identity (1,850)
Physical harmPhysical harm (24)
Prosecution vs persecutionProsecution vs persecution (199)
Racial / Ethnic persecutionRacial / Ethnic persecution (2,005)
Refugee status determination (RSD) / Asylum proceduresRefugee status determination (RSD) / Asylum procedures (1,090)
Rejected asylum-seekersRejected asylum-seekers (463)
Religious discriminationReligious discrimination (5,375)
Religious persecution (including forced conversion)Religious persecution (including forced conversion) (3,574)
Safe country of originSafe country of origin (226)
Safe third countrySafe third country (507)
Social group discriminationSocial group discrimination (2,906)
Social group persecutionSocial group persecution (1,034)
Sur place persecutionSur place persecution (76)
Threats / IntimidationThreats / Intimidation (911)
Transgression of social / cultural normsTransgression of social / cultural norms (70)
Well-founded fear of persecutionWell-founded fear of persecution (484)
Administration of justice
Access to proceduresAccess to procedures (1,125)
Administrative courtsAdministrative courts (95)
Appeal / Right to appealAppeal / Right to appeal (511)
BailBail (46)
Best interests of the childBest interests of the child (57)
ConfidentialityConfidentiality (29)
Criminal justiceCriminal justice (3,724)
Decision on admissibilityDecision on admissibility (140)
Durable solutionsDurable solutions (63)
Effective remedyEffective remedy (1,210)
Exhaustion of domestic remediesExhaustion of domestic remedies (105)
Expedited proceduresExpedited procedures (48)
Fresh / New claimFresh / New claim (79)
Habeas corpusHabeas corpus (121)
ImmunityImmunity (64)
ImpunityImpunity (3,040)
Independence of judiciaryIndependence of judiciary (2,203)
JurisdictionJurisdiction (155)
Juvenile justice systemJuvenile justice system (154)
Legal representation / Legal aidLegal representation / Legal aid (591)
Military courtsMilitary courts (207)
Rule of law / Due process / Procedural fairnessRule of law / Due process / Procedural fairness (4,020)
Single procedureSingle procedure (103)
Suspensive effectSuspensive effect (43)
Age, gender and diversity
AdoptionAdoption (92)
Age discriminationAge discrimination (31)
Albinism/Persons with AlbinismAlbinism/Persons with Albinism (149)
Child labourChild labour (4,432)
Child prostitutionChild prostitution (2,556)
Children-at-riskChildren-at-risk (5,230)
Domestic violenceDomestic violence (1,494)
Female genital mutilation (FGM)Female genital mutilation (FGM) (653)
Forced marriageForced marriage (824)
Forced sterilization / AbortionForced sterilization / Abortion (79)
Gender discriminationGender discrimination (5,470)
Gender mainstreamingGender mainstreaming (229)
Harmful traditional practicesHarmful traditional practices (251)
Honour killingsHonour killings (191)
Illegitimate childrenIllegitimate children (22)
Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex (LGBTI)Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex (LGBTI) (2,723)
Mentally disadvantaged personsMentally disadvantaged persons (119)
MinoritiesMinorities (4,557)
Older personsOlder persons (171)
Persons with disabilitiesPersons with disabilities (2,378)
PolygamyPolygamy (50)
Prostitution / Commercial sex workProstitution / Commercial sex work (1,665)
Sale of childrenSale of children (268)
Sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV)Sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV) (7,036)
Single heads of householdSingle heads of household (39)
Survivors of trafficking / Persons at risk of traffickingSurvivors of trafficking / Persons at risk of trafficking (1,168)
Unaccompanied / Separated childrenUnaccompanied / Separated children (902)
Widowed personsWidowed persons (12)
WitchcraftWitchcraft (59)
Women-at-riskWomen-at-risk (3,743)
Asylum
Asylum policyAsylum policy (1,134)
Civilian character of asylumCivilian character of asylum (42)
Diplomatic asylumDiplomatic asylum (9)
Political asylumPolitical asylum (220)
Territorial asylumTerritorial asylum (56)
Asylum-migration nexus
Asylum-migration nexusAsylum-migration nexus (434)
Border crossersBorder crossers (69)
Burden-sharing and international co-operationBurden-sharing and international co-operation (413)
Climate changeClimate change (340)
Illegal immigrants / Undocumented migrantsIllegal immigrants / Undocumented migrants (464)
MigrantsMigrants (2,552)
Mixed movementsMixed movements (30)
NomadsNomads (69)
Rescue at sea / Interception at seaRescue at sea / Interception at sea (240)
Secondary movementSecondary movement (135)
Burden / standard of proof
Benefit of the doubtBenefit of the doubt (17)
Burden of proofBurden of proof (172)
Country of origin information (COI)Country of origin information (COI) (1,316)
Credibility assessmentCredibility assessment (1,030)
Evidence (including age and language assessments / medico-legal reports)Evidence (including age and language assessments / medico-legal reports) (1,109)
Standard of proofStandard of proof (138)
WitnessesWitnesses (307)
Camps
Armed attacks on campsArmed attacks on camps (70)
Camp managementCamp management (38)
IDP campsIDP camps (164)
Location of campsLocation of camps (18)
Protection of campsProtection of camps (31)
Refugee campsRefugee camps (412)
Comprehensive solutions
Community developmentCommunity development (72)
Complementary pathwaysComplementary pathways (32)
Income-generating projectsIncome-generating projects (8)
IntegrationIntegration (612)
LivelihoodsLivelihoods (291)
Orderly returnOrderly return (32)
Property restitutionProperty restitution (397)
ReconciliationReconciliation (377)
ReintegrationReintegration (239)
ResettlementResettlement (757)
Return conditionsReturn conditions (336)
Rights of non-citizensRights of non-citizens (314)
Spontaneous returnSpontaneous return (49)
Voluntary repatriationVoluntary repatriation (522)
Entry, admission and reception
Admission quotasAdmission quotas (24)
AirportsAirports (159)
ArrivalArrival (50)
Article 31Article 31 (8)
Border controlsBorder controls (450)
Carrier sanctionsCarrier sanctions (17)
False documentsFalse documents (142)
Involuntary repatriationInvoluntary repatriation (92)
Irregular entryIrregular entry (313)
Pre-entry proceduresPre-entry procedures (49)
Re-entryRe-entry (18)
ReadmissionReadmission (39)
ReceptionReception (587)
RefoulementRefoulement (539)
RegistrationRegistration (423)
Rejection at borderRejection at border (104)
ScreeningScreening (2)
Temporary admissionTemporary admission (87)
TransitTransit (58)
Flight
Entry / ExitEntry / Exit (260)
Flight by land, air or seaFlight by land, air or sea (83)
Mass exodusMass exodus (123)
StowawaysStowaways (25)
Unlawful departureUnlawful departure (84)
Human rights
AbductionAbduction (1,197)
Abuse of psychiatryAbuse of psychiatry (60)
Access to waterAccess to water (252)
Arbitrary arrest and detentionArbitrary arrest and detention (6,918)
Children's rightsChildren's rights (9,898)
Civil and political rightsCivil and political rights (1,066)
Contemporary forms of slaveryContemporary forms of slavery (315)
Data protectionData protection (11)
Death in custodyDeath in custody (364)
Death penaltyDeath penalty (1,698)
Decent WorkDecent Work (4)
Disappeared personsDisappeared persons (4,419)
Economic, social and cultural rightsEconomic, social and cultural rights (4,317)
Equal opportunitiesEqual opportunities (163)
Equality before the lawEquality before the law (439)
Extrajudicial executionsExtrajudicial executions (4,775)
Extreme povertyExtreme poverty (416)
Forced labourForced labour (6,042)
Freedom from torture, inhuman and degrading treatmentFreedom from torture, inhuman and degrading treatment (8,822)
Freedom of assembly and associationFreedom of assembly and association (8,781)
Freedom of conscienceFreedom of conscience (443)
Freedom of expressionFreedom of expression (19,087)
Freedom of informationFreedom of information (7,484)
Freedom of movementFreedom of movement (4,752)
Freedom of religionFreedom of religion (10,141)
Freedom of speechFreedom of speech (4,882)
Gross, systematic and large-scaleGross, systematic and large-scale (110)
Housing, land and property rights (HLP)Housing, land and property rights (HLP) (2,070)
Human rights activistsHuman rights activists (2,678)
Human rights and fundamental freedomsHuman rights and fundamental freedoms (13,763)
Human rights courtsHuman rights courts (240)
Human rights monitorsHuman rights monitors (1,646)
Indigenous personsIndigenous persons (1,815)
Migrant rightsMigrant rights (1,031)
Minority rightsMinority rights (1,218)
Pre-trial detentionPre-trial detention (1,414)
Prevention of discriminationPrevention of discrimination (473)
Prison or detention conditionsPrison or detention conditions (4,708)
Racism / Xenophobia / Hate CrimesRacism / Xenophobia / Hate Crimes (435)
Right to a nationalityRight to a nationality (299)
Right to developmentRight to development (161)
Right to educationRight to education (2,238)
Right to employmentRight to employment (1,785)
Right to family lifeRight to family life (858)
Right to foodRight to food (360)
Right to healthRight to health (821)
Right to justiceRight to justice (691)
Right to leaveRight to leave (18)
Right to liberty and securityRight to liberty and security (601)
Right to lifeRight to life (698)
Right to privacyRight to privacy (5)
Right to registration at birthRight to registration at birth (692)
Right to returnRight to return (154)
Right to seek asylumRight to seek asylum (240)
Right to self-determinationRight to self-determination (1,089)
Sexual and reproductive rightsSexual and reproductive rights (883)
Women's rightsWomen's rights (7,122)
Immigration law
AliensAliens (203)
Deportation / Forcible returnDeportation / Forcible return (2,522)
EmigrantsEmigrants (142)
Exceptional leave to remain (ELR)Exceptional leave to remain (ELR) (57)
ExilesExiles (154)
ExpulsionExpulsion (659)
ExtraditionExtradition (368)
Family reunificationFamily reunification (695)
ImmigrantsImmigrants (372)
Immigration control after entryImmigration control after entry (54)
Immigration DetentionImmigration Detention (1,609)
National security / Public orderNational security / Public order (561)
PassportsPassports (284)
Refugee identity documentsRefugee identity documents (259)
Refugee travel documents / CTDsRefugee travel documents / CTDs (133)
Residence permits / ResidencyResidence permits / Residency (560)
Travel documentsTravel documents (232)
VisasVisas (511)
Work permitsWork permits (183)
Internal displacement
AdaptationAdaptation (5)
Climate-inducedClimate-induced (12)
DisasterDisaster (19)
EnvironmentEnvironment (8)
Internal displacementInternal displacement (77)
Natural disasterNatural disaster (25)
ResponseResponse (2)
International crimes
Acts contrary to the purposes and principles of the United NationsActs contrary to the purposes and principles of the United Nations (31)
ApartheidApartheid (260)
Crimes against humanityCrimes against humanity (691)
Crimes against peaceCrimes against peace (19)
Ethnic cleansingEthnic cleansing (159)
GenocideGenocide (393)
HijackingHijacking (9)
PiracyPiracy (79)
Serious non-political crimeSerious non-political crime (205)
TerrorismTerrorism (5,468)
TortureTorture (2,500)
War crimesWar crimes (602)
International humanitarian law (IHL)
Armed forces / MilitaryArmed forces / Military (1,962)
Armed groups / Militias / Paramilitary forces / Resistance movementsArmed groups / Militias / Paramilitary forces / Resistance movements (3,520)
Child soldiersChild soldiers (1,692)
Combatants / Former combatantsCombatants / Former combatants (279)
EvacuationEvacuation (28)
Forced relocationForced relocation (128)
Humanitarian assistanceHumanitarian assistance (1,443)
International humanitarian law (IHL) / Geneva ConventionsInternational humanitarian law (IHL) / Geneva Conventions (883)
MercenariesMercenaries (130)
Population transfersPopulation transfers (23)
Prisoners of warPrisoners of war (31)
Protection of civilian persons in time of warProtection of civilian persons in time of war (958)
International law
1951 Refugee Convention1951 Refugee Convention (327)
1969 OAU Convention1969 OAU Convention (28)
1984 Cartagena Declaration1984 Cartagena Declaration (8)
AccessionAccession (42)
Convention against Torture (CAT)Convention against Torture (CAT) (457)
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW)Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) (434)
Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CPRD)Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CPRD) (118)
Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC)Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) (635)
Entry into forceEntry into force (1)
EU Qualification DirectiveEU Qualification Directive (188)
Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration (GCM)Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration (GCM) (9)
Global Compact on Refugees (GCR)Global Compact on Refugees (GCR) (22)
Human Rights CouncilHuman Rights Council (2,023)
Human rights lawHuman rights law (181)
International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance (CPED)International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance (CPED) (49)
International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (CERD)International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (CERD) (295)
International Convention on the Rights of Migrant Workers (ICRMW)International Convention on the Rights of Migrant Workers (ICRMW) (84)
International courts and tribunalsInternational courts and tribunals (663)
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR)International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) (411)
International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR)International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR) (343)
International criminal lawInternational criminal law (159)
Law of the seaLaw of the sea (94)
Memoranda of understanding (MOU)Memoranda of understanding (MOU) (13)
RatificationRatification (6)
Regional instrumentsRegional instruments (373)
ReservationReservation (20)
Signatories and PartiesSignatories and Parties (4)
Treaties / Agreements / Charters / Protocols / Conventions / DeclarationsTreaties / Agreements / Charters / Protocols / Conventions / Declarations (681)
Universal Periodic Review (UPR)Universal Periodic Review (UPR) (1,936)
Medical and health
COVID-19COVID-19 (32)
HIV and AIDSHIV and AIDS (1,209)
Maternal and child health careMaternal and child health care (281)
Medical screeningMedical screening (25)
Mental healthMental health (475)
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (100)
Public healthPublic health (973)
National law
Administrative lawAdministrative law (198)
Anti-terrorism lawAnti-terrorism law (253)
Civil rights legislationCivil rights legislation (55)
Constitutional lawConstitutional law (530)
Customary lawCustomary law (24)
Death CertificatesDeath Certificates (17)
Election lawElection law (90)
Emergency legislationEmergency legislation (83)
Family lawFamily law (157)
Immigration lawImmigration law (1,027)
Labour lawLabour law (109)
Laws relating to religionLaws relating to religion (94)
Military lawMilitary law (103)
Refugee / Asylum lawRefugee / Asylum law (1,600)
Sharia lawSharia law (115)
Nationality and statelessness
Birth CertificatesBirth Certificates (29)
Citizenship / Nationality lawCitizenship / Nationality law (1,088)
Denial of nationalityDenial of nationality (89)
Habitual residenceHabitual residence (39)
Multiple nationalityMultiple nationality (87)
NaturalizationNaturalization (149)
Proof of nationalityProof of nationality (100)
StatelessnessStatelessness (1,744)
Statelessness Determination ProceduresStatelessness Determination Procedures (130)
Withdrawal of nationalityWithdrawal of nationality (102)
Persons of concern
Persons not in need of international protectionPersons not in need of international protection (98)
Persons of concern to UNHCRPersons of concern to UNHCR (343)
Refugee seamenRefugee seamen (90)
Refugees sur placeRefugees sur place (36)
Urban refugeesUrban refugees (159)
Political and security situation
Border conflictBorder conflict (318)
Capacity development of state institutionsCapacity development of state institutions (192)
CeasefireCeasefire (347)
Civil warCivil war (256)
Communal conflict / Social conflictCommunal conflict / Social conflict (646)
Conflict preventionConflict prevention (106)
Conflict resolutionConflict resolution (596)
Conflict situationConflict situation (926)
CorruptionCorruption (3,327)
Coup d'étatCoup d'état (198)
Crime preventionCrime prevention (219)
Death squadsDeath squads (48)
Demobilization / DisarmamentDemobilization / Disarmament (510)
DemocracyDemocracy (1,157)
ElectionsElections (4,453)
EmbargoEmbargo (210)
Foreign occupationForeign occupation (730)
Generalized violenceGeneralized violence (250)
Good governanceGood governance (1,254)
Internal armed conflictInternal armed conflict (1,935)
International armed conflictInternational armed conflict (330)
Landmines, unexploded ordnance (UXO) and improvised explosive devices (IEDs)Landmines, unexploded ordnance (UXO) and improvised explosive devices (IEDs) (209)
Military operationsMilitary operations (789)
Non-self-governing territoriesNon-self-governing territories (190)
OppositionOpposition (1,309)
Peace agreementsPeace agreements (564)
Peace processPeace process (827)
PeacekeepingPeacekeeping (1,683)
PolicePolice (3,500)
Political groupsPolitical groups (498)
Political partiesPolitical parties (1,936)
Political situationPolitical situation (3,141)
Protests / Demonstrations / Riots / Civil unrestProtests / Demonstrations / Riots / Civil unrest (764)
ReferendumReferendum (239)
SanctionsSanctions (380)
Security forcesSecurity forces (3,150)
Security situationSecurity situation (3,440)
Small armsSmall arms (102)
State of emergencyState of emergency (334)
Transitional justice (including amnesty laws)Transitional justice (including amnesty laws) (598)
Protection
Community-Based Protection in ActionCommunity-Based Protection in Action (4)
Complementary forms of protectionComplementary forms of protection (406)
Convention PlusConvention Plus (29)
Diplomatic assurancesDiplomatic assurances (50)
Diplomatic protectionDiplomatic protection (7)
Effective protectionEffective protection (698)
Extended definitionExtended definition (22)
Global Consultations on international protectionGlobal Consultations on international protection (111)
Good officesGood offices (36)
High Commissioner's Dialogue on Protection ChallengesHigh Commissioner's Dialogue on Protection Challenges (26)
High Commissioner's ForumHigh Commissioner's Forum (19)
Humanitarian protection (including tolerated stay)Humanitarian protection (including tolerated stay) (52)
International protectionInternational protection (1,310)
Non-refoulementNon-refoulement (807)
State protectionState protection (622)
Temporary protectionTemporary protection (346)
UNHCR mandateUNHCR mandate (115)