Submission by the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees in the case of M.J. v. the Netherlands (application no. 49259/18) before the European Court of Human Rights

In this submission, UNHCR addresses the legislative framework and practice in the Netherlands regarding the application of the internal flight alternative (IFA); also referred to as the internal protection alternative (IPA) in European law) in the asylum procedure (Part 2); provides UNHCR’s interpretation of the relevant principles of international refugee and human rights law pertaining specifically to the application of the IFA concept (Part 3); and provides information about the current security, human rights and humanitarian situation in Kabul and in Afghanistan more broadly (Part 4).