Review of the implementation of the recommendations and decisionsadopted by the General Assembly at its tenth special session.

35. RESOLUTION ADOPTED ON THE REPORTS OF THE FIRST COMMITTEE
152. Review of the implementation of the recommendations and decisions adopted by the General Assembly at its tenth special session

A UNITED NATIONS PROGRAMME OF FELLOWSHIPS ON DISARMAMENT

The General Assembly, Recalling its decision, taken at the tenth special session, to establish a programme of fellowships on disarmament,[1] Recalling also its resolution 34/83 D of 11 December 1979, in which it requested the Secretary-General to make adequate arrangements relating to the programme for 1980 in accordance with the guidelines approved by the General Assembly at its thirty-third session, Expressing its satisfaction that Governments, particularly those of developing countries, have continued to manifest serious interest in the programme, Having considered the report of the Secretary-General on the implementation of the United Nations programme of fellowships on disarmament for 1980,[2]

1. Decides to continue the United Nations programme of fellowships on disarmament;

2. Requests the Secretary-General to make adequate arrangements relating to the programme for 1981 in accordance with the guidelines approved by the General Assembly at its thirty-third session;

3. Also requests the Secretary-General to submit to the General Assembly at its thirty-sixth session a report on the implementation of the programme;

4. Commends the Secretary-General for the diligence with which the programme has been conducted;

5. Expresses its appreciation to those Member States that have invited the fellows to their capitals to study selected activities in the field of disarmament, thereby complementing usefully the fulfilment of the over-all objectives of the programme, as well as providing additional information sources and practical knowledge for the fellows.

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B NUCLEAR WEAPONS IN ALL ASPECTS

The General Assembly, Reaffirming that nuclear weapons pose the most serious threat to mankind and its survival and that it is therefore essential to proceed with nuclear disarmament and the complete elimination of nuclear weapons, Reaffirming also that all nuclear-weapon States, in particular those which possess the most important nuclear arsenals, bear a special responsibility for the fulfilment of the task of achieving the goals of nuclear disarmament, Stressing again that existing arsenals of nuclear weapons alone are more than sufficient to destroy all life on earth, and bearing in mind the devastating results which nuclear war would have on belligerents and non-belligerents alike, Noting with alarm the increased risk of a nuclear catastrophe associated both with the intensification of the nuclear-arms race and with the adoption of the new doctrine of limited or partial use of nuclear weapons giving rise to illusions of the admissibility and acceptability of a nuclear conflict, Stressing again that priority in disarmament negotiations should be given to nuclear weapons, and referring to paragraphs 49 and 54 of the Final Document of the Tenth Special Session of the General Assembly,[3] Recalling its resolutions 33/71 H of 14 December 1978 and 34/83 J of 11 December 1979, Noting with satisfaction that the Committee on Disarmament during its session held in 1980 considered the item of its agenda entitled "Cessation of the nuclear-arms race and nuclear disarmament", Noting also the proposals and statements made in the Committee on Disarmament on the cessation of the nuclear-arms race and nuclear disarmament, Noting with regret that the Committee on Disarmament during its session held in 1980 did not have an opportunity to attempt to reconcile the different points of view as regards the approach, machinery and basis for multilateral negotiations on nuclear disarmament, Convinced that the Committee on Disarmament is the most suitable forum for the preparation and conduct of the negotiations on nuclear disarmament,

1. Notes the decision of the Committee on Disarmament to resume intensive consideration, at its session to be held in 1981, of the item on the cessation of the nuclear-arms race and nuclear disarmament;

2. Believes it necessary to intensify efforts with a view to initiating, as a matter of high priority, negotiations, with the participation of all nuclear-weapon States, on the question of the cessation of the nuclear-arms race and nuclear disarmament, in accordance with the provisions of paragraph 50 of the Final Document of the Tenth Special Session of the General Assembly;

3. Calls upon the Committee on Disarmament, as a matter of priority and for the purpose of an early commencement of the negotiations on the substance of the problem, to undertake consultations in which to consider, inter alia, the establishment of an ad hoc working group on the cessation of the nuclear-arms race and of nuclear disarmament with a clearly defined mandate;

4. Requests the Committee on Disarmament to report on the results of those negotiations to the General Assembly at its thirty-sixth session.

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C NUCLEAR WEAPONS IN ALL ASPECTS

The General Assembly, Recalling that, at its tenth special session, the first special session devoted to disarmament, it decided that effective measures of nuclear disarmament and the prevention of nuclear war had the highest priority and that it was essential to halt and reverse the nuclear-arms race in all its aspects in order to avert the danger of war involving nuclear weapons, Recalling also that, at the same session, it was expressly recognized that the achievement of nuclear disarmament would require urgent negotiation of agreements at appropriate stages and with adequate measures of verification satisfactory to the States concerned, and the results that should be pursued in each one of those stages were defined, Reiterating its conviction, as stated in its resolution 34/83 B of 11 December 1979, that the Committee on Disarmament, as the single multilateral disarmament negotiating body, should become urgently and most directly involved in substantive negotiations on priority disarmament questions, Bearing in mind the declaration formulated by twenty-one of the States members of the Committee on Disarmament, in the working paper of 27 February 1980,[4] to the effect that working groups are the best available machinery for conduct of concrete negotiations within the Committee, Taking into account the positive conclusions derived from the performance of the four ad hoc working groups established by the Committee on Disarmament on 17 March 1980 to deal, respectively, with the items relating to chemical weapons, radiological weapons, "negative guarantees" and the comprehensive programme on disarmament,

1. Urges the Committee on Disarmament to establish, upon initiation of its session to be held in 1981, an ad hoc working group on the item which in its agenda for 1979 and 1980 was entitled "Cessation of the nuclear-arms race and nuclear disarmament";

2. Considers that, in the light of the exchange of views held on this subject during the last two annual sessions of the Committee on Disarmament, it would be advisable that the working group begin its negotiations by addressing the question of the elaboration and clarification of the stages of nuclear disarmament envisaged in paragraph 50 of the Final Document of the Tenth Special Session of the General Assembly, including identification of the responsibilities of the nuclear-weapon States and the role of the non-nuclear-weapon States in the process of achieving nuclear disarmament.

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D NON-USE OF NUCLEAR WEAPONS AND PREVENTION OF NUCLEAR WAR

The General Assembly, Alarmed by the threat to the survival of mankind and to the life-sustaining system posed by nuclear weapons and by their use, inherent in concepts of deterrence, Convinced that nuclear disarmament is essential for the prevention of nuclear war and for the strengthening of international peace and security, Recalling its declaration, contained in the Final Document of the Tenth Special Session of the General Assembly, that all States should actively participate in efforts to bring about conditions in international relations among States in which a code of peaceful conduct of nations in international affairs could be agreed upon and which would preclude the use or threat of use of nuclear weapons,[5] Recalling its resolutions 1653 (XVI) of 24 November 1961, 33/71 B of 14 December 1978 and 34/83 G of 11 December 1979, Taking note of the report of the Secretary-General,[6] to which is annexed the Comprehensive Study on Nuclear Weapons, prepared with the assistance of a Group of Experts,

1. Declares once again that:

(a) The use of nuclear weapons would be a violation of the Charter of the United Nations and a crime against humanity;

(b) The use or threat of use of nuclear weapons should therefore be prohibited, pending nuclear disarmament;

2. Requests all States that have so far not submitted their proposals concerning the non-use of nuclear weapons, avoidance of nuclear war and related matters, to do so, in order that the question of an international convention or some other agreement on the subject may be further considered at the thirty-sixth session of the General Assembly;

3. Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its thirty-sixth session the item entitled "Non-use of nuclear weapons and prevention of nuclear war".

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12 December 1980

E IMPLEMENTATION OF THE RECOMMENDATIONS AND DECISIONS OF THE TENTH SPECIAL SESSION

The General Assembly, Having reviewed the implementation of the recommendations and decisions adopted at the tenth special session, the first special session devoted to disarmament, Recalling its resolutions S-10/2 of 30 June 1978 and 34/83 C of 11 December 1979, Bearing in mind that general and complete disarmament has been recognized as an imperative and most urgent task facing the international community and that all the peoples of the world have a vital interest in the success of disarmament negotiations, Considering it imperative to achieve genuine progress in all negotiations dealing with disarmament issues, Reaffirming that the United Nations has a central role and primary responsibility in the sphere of disarmament, Noting with satisfaction that the tenth special session resulted in greater involvement by Member States in efforts aimed at halting the arms race and launching process of genuine disarmament, Expressing its satisfaction that some initial results in the implementation of the recommendations and decisions of the tenth special session have been achieved, primarily through a considerable revitalization of the multilateral disarmament machinery, Deeply concerned, however, about the continuing arms race and, in particular, the nuclear-arms race, which constitutes a growing threat to international peace and security, Calling attention to the tasks set forth in the Declaration of the 1980s as the Second Disarmament Decade,[7] which demand intensified efforts to be taken in the Committee on Disarmament and other appropriate forums, Stressing the need to promote the development, strengthening and intensification of international co-operation designed to achieve general and complete disarmament, as defined by the General Assembly at its tenth special session, Noting with concern the lack of tangible progress with respect to the implementation of the measures expressed in the Programme of Action set forth in section III of the Final Document of the Tenth Special Session of the General Assembly,

1. Expresses its deep concern about the continued arms race, in particular the nuclear-arms race, and about the constantly growing military budgets, which bear negative consequences and pose a growing threat to international peace and security as well as to the unhampered development of countries, particularly developing countries;

2. Urgently calls upon all States, in particular nuclear-weapon States and other major military Powers, immediately to take steps leading to effective halting and reversing of the arms race and to disarmament;

3. Urges those States also to intensify their efforts to bring to a successful end the negotiations which are currently taking place in the Committee on Disarmament and other international forums or to proceed with negotiations on effective international agreements according to the priorities of the Programme of Action set forth in section III of the Final Document of the Tenth Special Session of the General Assembly;

4. Recommends that the Committee on Disarmament should concentrate on the substantive and priority items on its agenda with a view to achieving tangible results;

5. Expresses its conviction that one of the most important contributions for the preparation of the special session on disarmament to be held in 1982 will be to achieve tangible progress in the implementation of the Programme of Action;

6. Calls upon all States to refrain from any actions which have or may have negative effects on the implementation of the relevant recommendations and decisions of the tenth special session;

7. Invites all States which are engaged in disarmament negotiations or arms limitation negotiations outside the United Nations framework to keep the General Assembly and the Committee on Disarmament in formed of the results of such negotiations in conformity with the relevant provisions of the Final Document of the Tenth Special Session;

8. Also calls upon States engaged in disarmament a negotiations or arms limitation negotiations outside the United Nations framework to implement the results achieved so as to create favourable conditions for further progress;

9. Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its thirty-sixth session the item entitled "Implementation of the recommendations and decisions of the tenth special session of the General Assembly".

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F REPORT OF THE DISARMAMENT COMMISSION

The General Assembly, Having considered the report of the Disarmament Commission,[8] Emphasizing again the importance of an effective follow-up to the relevant recommendations and decisions adopted at its tenth special session, Considering the important role that the Disarmament Commission has played and the significant contribution it has made in examining and submitting recommendations on various problems in the field of disarmament and in the promotion of the implementation of the relevant decisions of the tenth special session, Recalling its resolution 34/83 H of 11 December 1979,

1. Endorses the report of the Disarmament Commission and the recommendations contained therein;

2. Requests the Disarmament Commission to continue its work in accordance with its mandate, as set forth in paragraph 118 of the Final Document of the Tenth Special Session of the General Assembly, and, to that end, to meet for a period not exceeding four weeks during 1981;

3. Also requests the Disarmament Commission to continue the consideration of the agenda items contained in General Assembly resolution 34/83 H, with emphasis on the preparation of a report to the Assembly at its second special session devoted to disarmament;

4. Further requests the Disarmament Commission to submit a report on its work and its recommendations on paragraphs 2 and 3 above to the General Assembly at its thirty-sixth session;

5. Requests the Secretary-General to transmit to the Disarmament Commission the report of the Committee on Disarmament,[9] together with all the official records of the thirty-fifth session of the General Assembly relating to disarmament matters, and to render all assistance that it may require for implementing the present resolution;

6. Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its thirty-sixth session the item entitled "Report of the Disarmament Commission".

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G PARAGRAPH 125 OF THE FINAL DOCUMENT

The General Assembly, Bearing in mind the declaration set forth in section II of the Final Document of the Tenth Special Session of the General Assembly that, unless its avenues are closed, the continued arms race means a growing threat to international peace and the security of mankind, Profoundly concerned over the deterioration of the international situation, Recalling the Programme of Action set forth in section Ill of the Final Document as well as the activities undertaken in pursuance of the Declaration of the 1980s as the Second Disarmament Decade towards bringing about the cessation of the arms race and towards real disarmament, Reaffirming that, while nuclear disarmament is a task of the first and highest priority, progress in the limitation and subsequent reduction of nuclear weapons would be facilitated by parallel political measures and international legal measures to strengthen the security of States; Calling for the dissolution of existing military alliances and, as a first step, for refraining from actions conducive to expansion of existing military groupings, Concerned over the fact that the current negotiations on arms limitation and on disarmament are being protracted and that some of them have been suspended or terminated,

1. Calls upon the States permanent members of the Security Council and the countries which have military agreements with them to exercise restraint in both the nuclear and conventional fields and to resolve not to increase their armed forces and conventional armaments, effective from an agreed date, as a first step towards a subsequent reduction of their armed forces and conventional armaments;

2. Invites the appropriate international bodies in the field of disarmament to continue, in accordance with the Final Document of the Tenth Special Session of the General Assembly, efforts aimed at achieving positive results in curbing the arms race in accordance with the Programme of Action set forth in section III of the Final Document and the Declaration of the 1980s as the Second Disarmament Decade;

3. Requests the Secretary-General to keep this question under constant review and to transmit all relevant documents of the thirty-fifth session of the General Assembly to appropriate international bodies.

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H PROGRAMME OF RESEARCH AND STUDIES ON DISARMAMENT

The General Assembly, Recalling the recommendations concerning the establishment of an international institute for disarmament research contained in its resolution 34/83 M of 11 December 1979, Taking into account the decisions taken by the Board of Trustees of the United Nations Institute for Training and Research at its special meeting in February 1980, Bearing in mind the work of the Advisory Board on Disarmament Studies at its meetings held in 1980,

1. Approves the report of the Secretary-General on the programme of research and studies on disarmament;[10]

2. Welcomes the establishment at Geneva of the United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research within the framework of the United Nations Institute for Training and Research as an interim arrangement for the period until the second special session of the General Assembly devoted to disarmament.

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I WORLD DISARMAMENT CAMPAIGN

The General Assembly, Recalling that at its tenth special session it stressed the importance of mobilizing public opinion on behalf of disarmament, Taking into account that, in the Final Document of the Tenth Special Session of the General Assembly, it recommended to that end the adoption of several concrete measures intended to intensify and broaden the dissemination of information about the arms race and the efforts to halt and reverse it as well as to promote programmes of study and education concerning disarmament, Bearing in mind that for the realization of a world disarmament campaign of a permanent character it will be necessary, on the one hand, to define some basic rules which, without detriment to the necessary flexibility, will ensure a minimum of co-ordination and, on the other hand, to establish a practical and generally acceptable system for the financing of such a campaign, Having examined the relevant section of the report of the Secretary-General on the fourth and fifth sessions of the Advisory Board on Disarmament Studies,[11]

1. Requests the Secretary-General to carry out, with the assistance of a small group of experts, for whose composition, in so far as circumstances permit, preference should be given to members of the Secretariat, a study on the organization and financing of a World Disarmament Campaign under the auspices of the United Nations;

2. Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its thirty-sixth session an item entitled "World Disarmament Campaign".

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J REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE ON DISARMAMENT

The General Assembly, Recalling its resolution 34/83 B of 11 December 1979, Expressing its satisfaction that the Committee on Disarmament has made progress in respect of the improvement of its organization and methods of work, Affirming that the establishment of ad hoc working groups on substantive disarmament issues will promote the negotiating role of the Committee on Disarmament, Expressing its concern that, despite improvements in its methods of work, the Committee on Disarmament has not thus far been able to achieve concrete results on disarmament issues which have been under consideration for a number of years, Convinced that the Committee on Disarmament, as the single multilateral negotiating body on disarmament, should play the central role in substantive negotiations on priority questions of disarmament and on the implementation of the Programme of Action set forth in section III of the Final Document of the Tenth Special Session of the General Assembly, Stressing that negotiations on specific disarmament issues conducted outside the Committee on Disarmament should not in any way constitute an impediment to the negotiations on such questions in the Committee,

1. Urges the Committee on Disarmament to continue or undertake, during its session to be held in 1981, substantive negotiations on the priority questions of disarmament on its agenda, in accordance with the provisions of the Final Document of the Tenth Special Session of the General Assembly and the other relevant resolutions of the Assembly;

2. Invites the members of the Committee on Disarmament involved in separate negotiations on specific priority questions of disarmament to intensify their efforts to achieve a positive conclusion of those negotiations without further delay for submission to the Committee and, at the same time, to submit to the Committee a full report on their separate negotiations and the results achieved in order to contribute most directly to the negotiations in the Committee in accordance with paragraph 1 above;

3. Requests the Committee on Disarmament, at its session to be held in 1981, to continue negotiations on the elaboration of a comprehensive programme of disarmament, and to submit the programme in time for consideration by the General Assembly at the second special session devoted to disarmament;

4. Also requests the Committee on Disarmament to intensify its work on priority questions of disarmament, so that it may be in a position to contribute, through concrete accomplishments, to a favourable climate for the second special session of the General Assembly devoted to disarmament;

5. Further requests the Committee on Disarmament to submit a report on its work to the General Assembly at its thirty-sixth session;

6. Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its thirty-sixth session the item entitled "Report of the Committee on Disarmament".

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12 December 1980

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[1] Resolution S-10/2, para. 108. [2] A/35/521. [3] Resolution S-10/2. [4] See CD/139/Appendix II/Vo1.I, document CD/64. [5] Resolution S-10/2, para. 58. [6] A/35/392; see also foot-note 67 below. [7] See resolution 35/46 above. [8] Official Records of the General Assembly, Thirty-fifth Session, Supplement No. 42 (A/35/42). [9] Ibid., Supplement No. 27 (A/35/27). [10] A/35/574. [11] A/35/575, sect. II. A.