Chronology of Events: March 1994 - August 1995

MAP

See original

GLOSSARY

CLPC              Christian Liberal Party of Crimea

KUN               Congress of Ukrainian Nationalists

MVD      Ministry of Internal Affairs

OMON   Special Militia Task Force

Rada       Ukrainian legislature or Supreme Soviet

Rukh       One of Ukraine's prominent national democratic parties

SBU        Security Service of Ukraine

UNA-UNSO          Ukrainian National Assembly-Ukrainian National Self-Defence Organization

URP        Ukrainian Republican Party

Note: Please see Appendix 2 of the 20 April 1994 Council of Europe document, Information Report on the Parliamentary Elections in Ukraine, which lists all of the parties in Ukraine as of the March 1994 elections.

INTRODUCTION

On 27 March 1994, Ukraine held the first in what was to be a long series of legislative elections, the first since independence was declared in 1991. This chronology begins with those elections. Detailed information on the election results can be found in Appendix I.

One of the trends covered in the chronology is the relationship between the government of Crimea and the Ukrainian authorities and their efforts to clearly delineate their respective powers [ For further background information, see Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty (RFE/RL) Research Report. 18 March 1994. Vol. 3, No. 11. Roman Solchanyk. "Crimea's Presidential Election."]. Crimea, which declared its state sovereignty as a republic within Ukrainian boundaries in August 1991, passed a law allowing for the election of a republican president in October 1993; Yurii Meshkov was elected to that post in January 1994.

Other trends covered in this chronology are events related to ethnic relations and violence against politicians and journalists. Some events related to general state issues such as relations with Russia, the economy and public and official concerns about rising levels of street and "mafia"-related crime are noted, but are not discussed in detail. General information on these issues may be obtained from Regional Documentation Centres or the DIRB in Ottawa.

Despite ongoing negotiations with Russia for a Friendship Treaty and for a Treaty on the Black Sea Fleet, which are not discussed in detail in this paper, relations with Russia remained cool. The state of the Ukrainian economy is also not covered in this chronology, nor are ongoing public and official concerns about rising levels of street and "mafia"-related crime.

 Information on events of specific relevance to women during the period covered is limited. However, general information on the situation of women is provided in the Information Package Women in Ukraine. For further background information on Ukraine, please consult the DIRB Question and Answer papers Ukraine: The Situation of Ethnic Minorities (September 1993); The CIS, Baltic States and Georgia: Situation of the Jews (July 1992); The CIS, Baltic States and Georgia: Military Service (June 1992); and The CIS, Baltic States and Georgia: Nationality Legislation (April 1992).

CHRONOLOGY

1994

27 March

Twenty-eight million people, or roughly 75 per cent of the electorate, vote in legislative elections (Council of Europe 20 Apr. 1994, 9; RSSBS Aug. 1994, 62). Deputies are elected in only 49 of 450 constituencies (ibid.; Council of Europe 20 Apr. 1994, 9; see also BBC Summary 1 Apr. 1994).

According to Ukraine's electoral law, all deputies are to be elected in single-seat electoral districts (ibid. 4; RFE/RL Research Report 1 July 1994, 9); no seats are set aside for party representation (ibid.). Elections are valid only if 50 per cent of registered voters participate (ibid.; Council of Europe 20 Apr. 1994, 4); a "repeat election" is held if the turnout is insufficient (ibid.). Candidates must receive an absolute majority of votes to be declared a winner; if no candidate receives an absolute majority, a "repeat vote" is held, in which a successful candidate must also obtain an absolute majority (ibid., 4; RFE/RL Research Report 1 July 1994, 9-10). See Appendix I for the results of the elections held throughout 1994.

Crimeans also vote in a plebiscite in favour of greater autonomy for the region, which could possibly include dual Russian-Ukrainian citizenship (Ukrainian Review Summer 1994, 71-72; Keesing's Mar. 1994, 39932).

In the Donetsk region, one in a series of plebiscites held at the same time as the elections indicates that 90 per cent of voters would like Russian to become a second state language (Council of Europe 20 Apr. 1994, 9; ITAR-TASS 31 Mar. 1994; Keesing's Mar. 1994, 39932). Two sources indicate that a similar plebiscite, with a similar result, is also held in Luhansk (ibid.; ITAR-TASS 31 Mar. 1994).

According to the Council of Europe, which observed the elections, "the electoral process was fairly conducted and the election was free and fair, despite an apparently flawed electoral law, and some infringements of the regulations as well as some inaccuracies in the counting at individual polling stations" (Council of Europe 20 Apr. 1994, 9). According to the Ukrainian-American Bureau for the Protection of Human Rights, however, the elections were "fraught with corruption", including fraudulent voting and threats to those running for election (IBHR 13 Apr. 1994).

Late March

The Jehovah's Witnesses in Kharkiv are warned by the head of the city's religious affairs commission that they are "too persistent in their activities" (Express Chronicle News Service 30 Mar. 1994). Mormon missionaries have also recently been "barred from entering the city" (ibid.).

Late March/Early April

A Ministry of Justice statement appears in various media, including the government newspaper Holos Ukrayiny, accusing the World Jewish Agency for Israel (Sokhnut) of "illegally boosting the emigration to Israel, under the pretext of education purposes, of the most intelligent, gifted and physically fit boys and girls aged between 15 and 17, so that they would consequently adopt Israeli citizenship and Judaism" (Holos Ukrayiny 2 Apr. 1994; Reuters 31 Mar. 1994). The Agency, which provides assistance to those who wish to emigrate, denies that it recruits potential emigrés (ibid.).

2 April

Ukrainian president Kravchuk repeals a 15 March 1994 Crimean presidential edict stipulating that Crimean citizens will be able to serve their military service only on Crimean territory (Ukrainian Radio 2 Apr. 1994; Interfax 2 Apr. 1994).

6 April

According to an organization called "Crimea with Ukraine" cited in a Russian media source, an assassination attempt is made on the life of Crimean president Yurii Meshkov, although the president's press service denies that such an incident took place (NTV 9 Apr. 1994).

8 April

Sailors from the Russian navy board the Black Sea Fleet vessel Cheleken in an Odessa port and sail it to Sevastopol, the Fleet's Crimean base (AFP 9 Apr. 1994). The ship contains valuable ocean survey and navigation equipment (ibid.; Keesing's Apr. 1994, 39971). Ukrainian forces in turn seize the Russian-controlled base of the 318 Division of the Black Sea Fleet (ibid.). Three Russian officers are arrested by Ukrainian authorities (ibid.; UNIAR 11 Apr. 1994).

9 April

There is an explosion at the offices of the Simferopol newspaper Meshanskaya Gazeta, which the editor interprets as connected to the paper's coverage of corruption "in the highest echelons of power" (Nezavisimaya Gazeta 7 May 1994).

10 April

In Korosten, Igor Shteinman, head of the Ukrainian branch of the Jewish group Betar, and two colleagues are stabbed while attending a gathering at a Holocaust memorial (News Watch May 1994, 4). According to the Israeli Consulate General in New York, the act was "more criminally motivated than anti-Semitic. The thieves simply saw a large group of Jews, who in general are considered good targets for theft, and decided to act" (ibid.).

A second round of legislative elections is held (RFE/RL Daily Report 12 Apr. 1994; Council of Europe 20 Apr. 1994, 9). There are now 337 elected deputies in the Rada (ibid.; RFE/RL Daily Report 12 Apr. 1994). According to Radio Free Europe, 165 of the deputies are independent and 76 of them belong to the Communist Party or its allies (ibid.). The Council of Europe states that "the communists and their allies won over 100 seats, mostly in the country's industrial east. Moderate nationalists elected about 60 members mostly in their strongholds of western and central Ukraine. Independents won almost all of the remaining seats" (Council of Europe 20 Apr. 1994, 10). The entire electoral process will be repeated in 113 districts (ibid.).

11 April

Crimean president Meshkov removes the Crimean Minister of Internal Affairs and the head of the Security Forces and replaces them with loyal appointments (RFE/RL Research Report 10 June 1994, 10).

16 April

Moloda Galychyna reports that 300 members of the Ukrainian National Assembly-Ukrainian National Self-Defence Organization (UNA-UNSO) are on trial throughout the country (Marynovych 4 May 1994). [ For further information, refer to DIRB Responses to Information Requests UKR20649.E (9 May 1995) and UKR16431.E (25 Feb. 1995).] Reportedly, one of them is V. Pasvliuk, who is being tried for "violent hooliganism" after he allegedly "contaminated" a bust of Vladimir Lenin in 1993 (ibid.).

16-24 April

On 16 April an unsuccessful attempt is made to burn down a synagogue in Kremenchug (Sheiman 12 June 1994; News Watch June-July 1994, 5). On the night of 24 April a second attempt is successful and the synagogue is destroyed (ibid.; Sheiman 12 June 1994). Investigative units determine that the fire was the result of arson (ibid.). As of November 1994, the authorities have not determined who set the fire (Cohen 17 Nov. 1994).

17 April

Roughly 400 people attend a Sevastopol rally to call for Crimea to be placed under Russian jurisdiction (UNIAR 18 Apr. 1994). The demonstration is reportedly the initiative of Crimean deputy Kruhlov (ibid.).

4 May

As covered in the Union of Council's Monitor, that organization's International Bureau on Human Rights (IBHR) reports that Lviv city council has passed a bylaw ordering all non-residents of the city to register with the authorities and charging businesses that employ non-residents a 57 million karbovanets fee (IBHR 4 May 1994). In early June, it is reported that the karbovanets has stabilized at 150,000 per $US 1 (OMRI Daily Digest 6 June 1995a).

5 May

A bomb threat is received at the Crimean legislature building, but no bomb is found (ITAR-TASS 5 May 1994).

In a letter complaining of 'political terror', the Kherson regional Rukh and "Ukraine" democratic associations mention that the head of Rukh in the Borislavskiy rayon has been threatened and that Svyatoslav Mohylivskyy, a former deputy candidate, and Hryhoriy Tkachenko, a regional Rukh leader, were recently attacked (UNIAR 6 May 1994).

7 May

While on a visit to Donbas and Crimea, CSCE High Commissioner for Minorities Max Van der Stoel holds a press conference at which he states that, despite certain problems, he sees little evidence of inter-ethnic hostilities in the regions or of forced Ukrainization in Crimea (UNIAR 7 May 1994).

9 May

A Hungarian truck driver is shot and killed; two Ukrainian border guards are subsequently taken into custody (BBC Summary 13 May 1994).

18 May

Socialist Party leader Oleksandr Moroz is elected speaker of the Rada (UPI 18 May 1994; Khazan 24 May 1994).

19 May

The government has established a border zone "along Ukraine's state land border, as well as along banks of border rivers and water reservoirs, within territories of settlements and village councils of people's deputies which are adjacent to the border" (Ukrayinske Radio 19 May 1994). Ukrainian citizens visiting or staying there require identification documents (ibid.). The border is overseen by Border Troops working with the Interior Ministry, the Security Service of Ukraine (SBU) and local authorities (Uryadovy Kuryer 16 July 1994). Regulations on the oversight of the border are scheduled to be drawn up by October 1994 (ibid.). The Border Forces are subordinate to the State Committee for Protection of State Borders and are divided into regional and administrative directorates (FBIS 25 Jan. 1995).

President Leonid Kravchuk declares that the Crimean Interior, Defence and Security Ministries are to be subordinated to Kiev (Keesing's May 1994, 40020).

There are reports in the Russian media that Ukrainian forces are attempting to launch a coup in Crimea (Keesing's May 1994, 40020; Krasnaya Zvezda 24 May 1994; Segodnya 20 May 1994). The reports apparently stem from the presence of "a small delegation" sent by Ukraine in an attempt to enforce Kiev's decree on the Crimean Interior Ministry (RFE/RL Research Report 10 June 1994, 10).

20 May

The newspaper Visoky Zamok reports that two of its administrators were assaulted by Oleg Vitovich, a member of the organization Ukrainian National Self-Defence (UNSO), and two others (IBHR 31 May 1994). The assailants claim that the paper's coverage of Vitovich's recent election campaign was inaccurate (ibid.).

The Crimean government passes the Law on Reinstitution of the Basic Principles of the Statehood of the Republic of Crimea, thereby restoring the 6 May 1992 Constitution (Khazan 24 May 1994; RFE/RL Daily Report 24 May 1994). According to this law, relations between Crimea and Ukraine will have to be conducted by treaties, the region will have its own armed forces and Crimeans will be eligible for dual citizenship (ibid.; Keesing's May 1994, 40020). The Ukrainian parliament denounces the move and issues a 10-day ultimatum for its reversal (ibid.; RFE/RL Daily Report 24 May 1994). On 30 May the Crimean government rejects the ultimatum (Keesing's May 1994, 40020; RFE/RL Research Report 10 June 1994, 10).

30 May

Rada Deputy Vladimir Bortnik is shot and wounded outside of his Kiev home (Khazan 1 June 1994; UNIAN 30 May 1994); Internal Affairs Ministry officials begin an investigation into the incident (ibid.). Police state that the attack was "probably a contract shooting" (The Ukrainian Weekly 5 June 1994, 2).

Early June

Max van der Stoel, CSCE High Commissioner for Minorities, makes his third visit to Ukraine (UNIAN 2 June 1994). He meets with Tatar leaders in Crimea, as well as Crimean and Ukrainian officials (ibid.; ITAR-TASS 3 June 1994).

2 June

The Crimean government refuses to grant President Meshkov the power to rule by decree that he had requested (RFE/RL Daily Report 3 June 1994; Interfax 2 June 1994).

10 June

A leader of a Pervomaisk coal miners union is stabbed in front of his home (IBHR 18 June 1994).

Mid-June

The Chairman of the newly-established Christian Liberal Party of Crimea (CLPC), Yevgeniy Podanev, is murdered (Keesing's July-Aug. 1994, 40158; Krasnaya Zvezda 5 July 1994). According to one source, the party is made up of many of the "wealthiest people in the republic"; at the party's first congress in early June, Podanev had said that the party's aims were inter alia the strengthening of discipline, ensuring the strength of the family and the church and the "unification of scientists and entrepreneurs" as a way to stimulate economic reform (Vseukrainsksiye Vedomosti 7 June 1994).

A Russian journalist working in Crimea, Anna Konyukova, is assaulted and threatened (The Ukrainian Review Autumn 1994, 12-13). The attack reportedly came after four months of threats from Russian activists who demanded that she and her journalist husband quit reporting negatively on Russians (ibid.) (see entry for 2 November 1994).

15 June

Vitaly Masol is elected Prime Minister by the Ukrainian legislature (IBHR 15 June 1994; Radio Ukraine World Service 16 June 1994).

A bomb explodes at the house of Gennady Balshov, a mayoral candidate in Dnipropetrovsk (IBHR 18 June 1994). Balshov is not hurt (ibid.). The organization he chairs, Centre for Political Initiatives, had recently organized an anti-terrorism protest (ibid.).

16/18 June

The editor of the Kharkiv newspaper V Kazhdy Dom, who is also a candidate for a seat on the local soviet (council), is attacked by an unknown person (IBHR 18 June 1994; UNIAN 17 June 1994). A criminal investigation is launched (ibid.).

18 June

The Congress of Ukrainian Nationalists (KUN) holds an anti-Communist rally in Kiev, which is attended by several hundred people (UNIAR 18 June 1994).

26 June

President Kravchuk receives the most votes in the first round of presidential elections with 37 per cent of the vote (Keesing's July-Aug. 1994, 40108). Because the winner must have an absolute majority, a second round of voting is required between Kravchuk and the runner-up, former prime minister Leonid Kuchma (ibid., 40107-08).

27-29 June

According to one source, an estimated 1,200 miners at several mines in Donestsk oblast go on strike (UNIAN 29 June 1994). Unidentified representatives indicate that the strike is politically motivated and is aimed at discrediting President Kravchuk before the upcoming presidential run-off election (ibid.). Another source indicates that the strikes are ongoing as of 5 July 1994 (Radio Rossii 5 July 1994).

30 June

The Crimean government passes the resolution "On Observance of Constitutional Grounds of the Statehood of the Republic of Crimea", which defines the powers that will be exercised by the Crimean parliament (Demokratychna Ukrayina 2 July 1994; Interfax 30 June 1994). The resolution also states that the government will hold a referendum on statehood should the Ukrainian government continue to pass laws that contradict the Crimean constitution (ibid.; Demokratychna Ukrayina 2 July 1994).

6 July

A Russian journalist working in Crimea is declared missing in Simferopol (AFP 8 July 1994). Both the Crimean and Russian interior ministries are reportedly investigating the incident (ibid.).

10 July

Former prime minister Leonid Kuchma defeats incumbent president Kravchuk in a presidential run-off election, winning 52 per cent of the vote (Keesing's July-Aug. 1994, 40107).

In his inaugural address Kuchma states that Russian will be made an official language (RFE/RL Daily Report 22 July 1994b; Molod Ukrayiny 26 July 1994). Opponents of the move, including Rukh, state that because there is little difference between an "official" and a "state" language, the country will effectively have two state languages (ibid.; RFE/RL Daily Report 22 July 1994b). However, as of mid-March 1995, a bill to make Russian an official language did not have enough support to pass in the Rada (The Washington Post 16 Mar. 1995).

21 July

President Kuchma releases the decree "On Urgent Measures to Step up the Fight Against Crime" (RSSBS Dec. 1994, 51; UT-1 Television 21 July 1994). Point 4 of the decree allows for "preventive detention for up to 30 days of persons who are accurately reported to be involved in the planning or performing acts of gangsterism, terrorism, extortion and other serious crimes" with the sanction of the procurator (ibid.).

According to Radio Free Europe, citing TASS, the Crimean government adopts a law allowing Crimeans to hold dual citizenship (RFE/RL Daily Report 22 July 1994a).

Krymskaya Pravda reports that the Crimean parliament has adopted the first draft of such a law, "On Citizenship of the Republic of Crimea" (Krymskaya Pravda 23 July 1994). In March 1995, the Crimean justice ministry releases a statement affirming that citizenship questions are regulated by Ukraine's law "On Citizenship of Ukraine", which does not allow for dual citizenship unless a bilateral treaty is in place (Krymskaya Gazeta 30 Mar. 1995).

22 July

Yuriy Tokach, Co-Chairman of the Crimean Party of Social Guarantees, is shot to death in Simferopol (UNIAN 22 July 1994; Krymskaya Pravda 26 July 1994).

Mid-July

The Ukrainian parliament adopts a decree that suspends the adoption of Ukrainian children by foreigners until the government can overhaul the marriage and family code (Khazan 2 Aug. 1994). The decree reportedly contravenes the Convention on Children's Rights ratified by Ukraine in 1991 (ibid.).

30 July

The second CLPC chairman is murdered in as many months when Mykhaylo Korchylava is shot in Simferopol (see entry for mid-June 1994) (Interfax 1 Aug. 1994; Keesing's July-Aug. 1994, 40158). ITAR-TASS reports that Korchylava had been involved in organized crime (ibid.), as does Interfax, which also describes Korchylava as Crimean president Meshkov's economic advisor (Interfax 1 Aug. 1994).

August

Yuriy Shukhevych, variously described as the head of the UNA (The Ukrainian Weekly 21 Aug. 1994, 2) and the chairman of the UNA-UNSO (Vysokyy Zamok 24 Sept. 1994), resigns from his post, stating that he does not believe the organization is sufficiently nationalistic (ibid.; The Ukrainian Weekly 21 Aug. 1994, 2); he is replaced by Oleh Vitovych, a Lviv head of the UNSO (ibid.).

2 August

According to one source, the city of Chernovograd bans the activities of the Jehovah's Witnesses (IBHR 5 Oct. 1994).

1/3 August

Ukraine and Russia agree to guard their common border jointly (RSSBS Dec. 1994, 51; RFE/RL Daily Report 2 Aug. 1994a). It is reported that different sections of the border will be guarded by either Russian or Ukrainian troops (ibid.). However, the State Committee for State Border Protection states that reports that the border will be segmented and protected by one country's troops or the other are "absolutely groundless" and that "there will be no so-called half border between the states" (Radio Ukraine World Service 12 Aug. 1994). As of 30 January 1995, the border agreement had not yet been signed (Interfax 30 Jan. 1995).

4 August

According to UNIAN, Crimean president Meshkov has established the Service of the President of the Republic of Crimea for Security and International Affairs, which is responsible only to him (RFE/RL Daily Report 8 Aug. 1994). It is the third special service in Crimea, the others being the Ukrainian security service and the Crimean security service (ibid.).

6 August

President Kuchma signs two decrees on the distribution of power, which subordinate the cabinet and the chairmen of regional soviets to the president, while district soviets are in turn subordinated to regional soviets (UT-1 Television 8 Aug. 1994a; ibid. 8 Aug. 1994b; Russian Press Digest 10 Aug. 1994). The decrees are issued two days after they are signed (ibid.).

9 August

A third chairman of the CLPC, Aleksander Rulev, is wounded in Sevastopol, along with two others (see also entries for mid-June and 30 July 1994) (Khazan 16 Aug. 1994). The party temporarily suspends operations the following day (ibid.; Nezavisimaya Gazeta 17 Aug. 1994). Rulev later dies of his injuries (ibid.). According to Country Reports 1994, half of the Party's leadership, six people, were killed throughout 1994; the rest left Ukraine and the party disbanded (Country Reports 1994 1995, 1017). The party was reportedly targeted because of its stand on economic reform (ibid.).

15 August

A human rights organization, the All-Ukrainian Committee for the Defense of Human Rights, is registered with officials (UNIAN 15 Aug. 1994).

18 August

On the third anniversary of Ukrainian independence, President Kuchma issues an amnesty for a variety of prison inmates, including those whose crimes are not considered serious, women and some men with young children, those "who have taken the road of correction", veterans, certain invalids, pregnant women, men over 60 and women over 55 and those involved in the Chernobyl clean-up (Ukrainian Television 18 Aug. 1994).

23 August

The Sevastopol city council declares the city to be part of Russia (RFE/RL Daily Digest 24 Aug. 1994; The Ukrainian Weekly 4 Sept. 1994, 2). The Ukrainian government declares the move illegal (UNIAN 26 Aug. 1994) and Russian officials state that it is an internal Ukrainian matter (The Ukrainian Weekly 4 Sept. 1994, 2).

26 August

The Crimean Communist Party holds a rally in Simferopol calling for the party's rehabilitation and the resignation of the Crimean government (Radio Ukraine World Service 26 Aug. 1994; Holos Ukrayiny 31 Aug. 1994). Holos Ukrayiny reports that the rally was poorly attended (ibid.).

29 August

UNIAN reports that the Crimean government has refused to grant legal status to President Meshkov's Presidential Service (see entry for 4 August 1994) (UNIAN 29 Aug. 1994). The Service was to have had a staff of roughly 90 (ibid.).

Summer

According to the International Gay and Lesbian Association, the national gay organization Ganimed has opened a local branch in Zaporozhye (ILGA Bulletin July-Aug.-Sept. 1994).

2 September

A Crimean deputy, Serhii Kondratevsky, is unharmed following a shooting incident (RFE/RL Daily Report 6 Sept. 1994).

5 September

According to a statement released by the Interior Ministry, a "terrorist act" is committed by the "organized criminal world" against V.V. Baleha, a ministry official responsible for fighting international crime (Molod Ukrayiny 9 Sept. 1994; Radio Ukraine World Service 7 Sept. 1994).

6 September

Between 2,000 and 5,000 people attend a Simferopol rally organized by opposition parties, including the Republican Party and the Party for the Economic Revival of Crimea, to demonstrate against the Crimean government (UNIAN 7 Sept. 1994; Holos Ukrayiny 7 Sept. 1994).

7 September

The Crimean legislature strips President Meshkov of his powers to appoint local officials (The Economist 23 Sept. 1994; RFE/RL Daily Report 8 Sept. 1994). The parliament establishes a collective head of state made up of parliamentarians (ibid.) and it also creates a constitutional court to monitor the legality of Meshkov's decrees (The Economist 23 Sept. 1994; Interfax 9 Sept. 1994).

11 September

Crimean president Meshkov dissolves the Crimean legislature and local councils and grants himself "full powers" (The Economist 23 Sept. 1994; ITAR-TASS 11 Sept. 1994). Meshkov announces that a referendum will be held on a new constitution in April 1995 and elections to the legislature held after that (ibid.). The parliament building is surrounded by police forces (Russian Television 11 Sept. 1994). The deputies return to parliament within 48 hours, although Meshkov does not rescind his powers (The Economist 23 Sept. 1994; RFE/RL Daily Report 14 Sept. 1994). Presidential security forces take over the television centre (Index on Censorship Nov.-Dec. 1994, 251; The Ukrainian Review Autumn 1994, 13), although deputies reclaim it quickly (ibid.; Radio Rossii 11 Sept. 1994). UNIAN reports that Ukraine is readying Internal Affairs Ministry troops in neighbouring oblasts, should they become necessary "to maintain proper order" (UNIAN 12 Sept. 1994).

12 September

Ukrainian officials release a statement declaring that the situation in Crimea is calm, that there is no indication of public disorder and that efforts have been made to prevent the local police from becoming involved (Interfax 12 Sept. 1994). A Ukrainian reporter on a Moscow radio station also states that the situation is calm (Mayak Radio 12 Sept. 1994).

15 September

The Rada overturns Sevastopol's self-declared Russian status (ITAR-TASS 15 Sept. 1994b).

The Crimean parliament votes no confidence in the government and demands that President Meshkov dismiss his cabinet (ITAR-TASS 15 Sept. 1994a).

16 September

The Ukrainian militia and Interior Ministry officers reportedly begin a "preventative operation" of "searches and preventative detention" in Crimea (UT-1 Television 16 Sept. 1994).

20 September

The Foreign Trade Minister's car is ambushed (ITAR-TASS 21 Sept. 1994; AFP 21 Sept. 1994). The Minister is not in the car, but his assistant is stabbed several times (ibid.; ITAR-TASS 21 Sept. 1994).

21 September

The Ukrainian government votes itself the power to dismiss Crimean deputies and over-ride Crimean laws that do not conform to the Ukrainian constitution (RFE/RL Daily Report 22 Sept. 1994; Keesing's Sept. 1994, 40201).

22 September

President Meshkov rescinds his 11 September decree dissolving the Crimean legislature (Keesing's Sept. 1994, 40201; ITAR-TASS 22 Sept. 1994).

The Ukrainian government gives Crimea a 1 November 1994 deadline to bring its legislation into line with that of Ukraine (Interfax 26 Sept. 1994; Krymskiye Izvestiya 24 Sept. 1994).

23 September

The Congress of Muslims scheduled for 24-25 September in Simferopol is cancelled by Crimean officials, reportedly due to the ongoing concerns about cholera in the region (Molod Ukrayiny 27 Sept. 1994). Congress organizers accuse officials of making a biased decision, particularly as a Congress of the Crimean Russian Party is held in the city as scheduled (ibid.).

29 September

The Crimean legislature makes the prime minister the republic's chief executive, replacing the president who had held this position (Radio Rossii 29 Sept. 1994; Interfax 29 Sept. 1994). One deputy notes that while the move may have been necessary, it will be difficult to implement (UNIAN 29 Sept. 1994).

30 September

Communist Party deputies hold an anti-government "meeting-rally" in Sevastopol that is attended by approximately 200 people (UNIAR 1 Oct. 1994).

The Crimean legislature issues a statement that it will take responsibility for forming the Crimean government (UNIAN 30 Sept. 1994).

4 October

At their Kiev home, Rada deputy Serhiy Chukmasov is wounded and his wife is killed in a knife attack (UNIAR 4 Oct. 1994; Keesing's Oct. 1994, 40252). One source notes that Chukmasov had been a vocal opponent of organized crime (ibid.), while Rada deputies variously suggest burglary or a mafia "squaring of accounts" as a possible motive (UNIAN 4 Oct. 1994). It is reported on 9 October that police have detained a suspect in the attack who was allegedly committing a robbery (The Ukrainian Weekly 9 Oct. 1994, 2).

5 October

The Crimean legislature amends the constitution and strips President Meshkov of all of his powers (Keesing's Oct. 1994, 40252; RFE/RL Daily Report 6 Oct. 1994). The prime minister is now the head of government (ibid.).

6 October

Anatoly Franchuk is appointed Crimean prime minister by the republic's legislature (Ostankino 6 Oct. 1994).

14 October

The Rada amends the citizenship law so that "citizens who left Ukraine legally for other countries in order to study or reside on a permanent basis there but who were born in Ukraine or who can prove that they had been residing in Ukraine permanently before they left are not considered to be the citizens of other countries and have the right to Ukrainian citizenship for five years" (Radio Ukraine World Service 15 Oct. 1994). According to one deputy, approximately 100,000 Ukrainians living outside the country are potentially affected (ibid.).

15 October

Publisher Gennady Romanov is reportedly arrested and held without charge, possibly for the publication of Grey is the Colour of Hope, which deals with the activities of the Soviet security forces in Ukraine during the 1980s; his arrest might also be due to "financial irregularities" (Index on Censorship Jan.-Feb. 1995, 252).

18 October

The legislature votes to lift a ban on the Communist Party (Aktsent 19 Oct. 1994), however, it is later over-turned because of apparent voting irregularities (The Ukrainian Weekly 13 Nov. 1994, 1, 17).

20 October

The government launches a month-long gun amnesty (Vecherniy Donetsk 1 Nov. 1994; Uryadovyy Kuryer 20 Oct. 1994). Weapons can either be registered or handed over to local interior ministry departments (ibid.). By the time it is over, approximately 3,400 firearms have been handed in (Molod Ukrayiny 14 Mar. 1995).

22 October

Miners in twelve western Donbas mines go on strike for higher wages (Kiyevskiye Vedomosti 22 Oct. 1994). Approximately one thousand miners are involved (ibid.) entry for 5 December 1994).

27 October

Striking miners attempt to gain public support by holding a rally in Kryvyy Rih (Holos Ukrayiny 2 Nov. 1994).

27 October/3 November

The Luhansk council makes Russian an official language of the oblast (UNIAN 27 Oct. 1994; RFE/RL Daily Report 3 Nov. 1994), although Ukrainian remains the state language (ibid.).

October

The United States television program 60 Minutes airs a report called "The Ugly Face of Freedom" that indicates that anti-Semitism is rampant in Ukraine (Monitor [UCSJ] 19 Dec. 1994, 1-2). Jewish groups in Ukraine as well as diaspora organizations in the United States and Canada denounce the program as biased and painting a distorted view of the extent of Ukrainian anti-Semitism (ibid.).

2 November

A cameraman with Russia's NTV (Russian independent television) is beaten at his home (Kommersant-Daily 5 Nov. 1994; Krasnaya Zvezda 10 Nov. 1994). Sources indicate that either he or his wife, also an NTV journalist, had earlier received a letter threatening 13 journalists (ibid.; Kommersant-Daily 5 Nov. 1994). The pair had received threats in the past (see entry for mid-June 1994).

7 November

"Left-wing groups" hold commemorations in several cities, including Odessa, Simferopol and Kiev, on the anniversary of the 1917 Russian Revolution (RFE/RL Daily Report 10 Nov. 1994). In Kiev, a demonstration organized by the URP, Rukh, and Democratic Party of Ukraine is held "in memory of the victims of the communist regime" (UNIAN 7 Nov. 1994). These demonstrators are confronted by the OMON during their march (ibid.; ITAR-TASS 7 Nov. 1994), which leads to a "scuffle" resulting in several injuries (ibid.; Interfax 7 Nov. 1994). According to Interfax, most of those injured are police; approximately 6,000 to 8,000 people take part in each demonstration (ibid.).

9 November

Nezavisimaya Gazeta reports that Ukraine's Defense Ministry plans to slow down the "Ukrainization" of the armed forces; Ukrainian language teachers and officers responsible for indoctrination work are to be dismissed (Nezavisimaya Gazeta 9 Nov. 1994).

10 November

In Kiev, several thousand people reportedly protest rising prices (TASS 10 Nov. 1994).

After the first vote that legalized the Ukrainian Communist Party is declared illegal due to alleged voting irregularities, a second vote is held (see entry for 18 October 1994) (Keesing's Nov. 1994, 40291; The Ukrainian Weekly 13 Nov. 1994, 1, 17). This time the vote does not pass and the party remains banned (ibid.; Keesing's Nov. 1994, 40291).

The Rada and the President establish a Constitutional Committee to draft a new constitution (Country Reports 1994 1995, 1016; The Ukrainian Weekly 27 Nov. 1994a, 2).

16 November

According to a report in the Russian newspaper Segodnya, 35 of 100 Security Service military counter-intelligence officers in Sevastopol have submitted their resignations and are attempting to acquire Russian citizenship (Segodnya 16 Nov. 1994).

17 November

Following the failure of the Crimean legislature to meet the Rada's ultimatum of 22 September (AFP 17 Nov. 1994), the Ukrainian parliament annuls Crimean legislation that contradicts Ukrainian law (ibid.; ITAR-TASS 17 Nov. 1994; Russian Press Digest 18 Nov. 1994); some 40 laws are reportedly affected (ibid.; ITAR-TASS 17 Nov. 1994).

24 November

A Holos Ukrayiny report states that Volodymyr Hryshkin, a regional leader of KUN, was attacked in Donetsk (Holos Ukrayiny 24 Nov. 1994). He had reportedly recently been threatened as well (ibid.). KUN leader H. Sirenko speculates that Hryshkin's recently published reports on former acting premier Yu. Zvyahilskyy, who is under investigation for corruption, might have been the cause of the attack (ibid.).

27 November

In Kiev, an estimated 20,000 teachers, students and other professionals protest low wages and the poor state of education (Reuters 27 Nov. 1994).

Late November

The first family planning centre in Ukraine opens in Kiev (Reuters 14 Nov. 1994). It offers medical advice and information on birth control (ibid.). Plans to offer free birth control are postponed due to lack of funds (WEP Spring 1995, 9).

December

According to the Russian newspaper Segodnya, a funeral for a Tatar businessman leads to a demonstration against government inaction in cases of violence against Tatars (Segodnya 17 May 1995).

5 December

After the government promises to examine their wage demands, the 50-day old miners strike comes to an end (see entry for 22 October 1994) (Holos Ukrayiny 9 Dec. 1994). Approximately 3,000 miners from 15 mines were involved, while some 50 miners had taken part in a 24-day hunger strike as well (ibid.).

6 December

Holos Ukrayiny reports that demonstrations against the falling standard of living are held across Ukraine, including Dnipropetrovsk, Simferopol, Ternopil and the oblasts' rayon centres and in Odessa (Holos Ukrayiny 6 Dec. 1994).

7 December

The government decides to postpone for a year elections for the 43 Rada seats that remain vacant (Interfax 7 Dec. 1994). Sixteen of the vacant seats are in Kiev (ibid.). There are 404 deputies in the parliament according to the Central Election Commission (ibid.). According to another source, "401 deputies have received mandates from the Central Electoral Commission. Although 405 have been elected, [the Commission] has decided to examine electoral procedures in three districts" following the 20 November elections (The Ukrainian Weekly 11 Dec. 1994, 2). Another deputy was elected in a run-off election on 4 December (ibid.).

15 December

Approximately 10,000 people protest falling living standards in Kremenchug, in Poltava oblast, at a demonstration organized by local union activists (Radio Ukraine World Service 15 Dec. 1994).

23 December

A Crimean deputy is attacked (Krymskaya Pravda 27 Dec. 1994; Intelnews 30 Dec. 1994). His political faction, Respublika, ascribes political motives for the attack (ibid.). An investigation into the incident is launched by Simferopol's Administration of Internal Affairs (Krymskaya Pravda 27 Dec. 1994). Four days later, a second Crimean deputy of the same faction is attacked (ibid. 29 Dec. 1994; Intelnews 30 Dec. 1994). The second deputy had reportedly also been harassed on 24 December, but the militia did not arrive until after the 29 December assault (Krymskaya Pravda 29 Dec. 1994).

28 December

The Rada passes in principle legislation "On Power" and "Local Self-Government" (UNIAR 28 Dec. 1994). The legislation would allow the president to appoint a cabinet unilaterally and dissolve parliament if it moves too slowly on economic reform, while the Rada would have a limited ability to attempt to impeach the president (OMRI Daily Digest 2 Jan. 1995). The legislation now proceeds to a special commission for examination (ibid.).

29 December

The UNA is registered as a political party (UNIAN 29 Dec. 1994; The Ukrainian Weekly 8 Jan. 1995, 2, 12), the country's thirty-eighth officially recognized party (ibid.). The organization's paramilitary arm, the UNSO, remains in "legal limbo" (ibid.).

Late December

The Russian government amends the Russian constitution and offers residents of the former Soviet Union "who used to live on its territory" the opportunity to apply for dual citizenship with Russia (TASS 19 Jan. 1995; Russian Press Digest 28 Jan. 1995); applications can be made up to 31 December 2000 (ibid.).

1995

January

An undated Evreiskaya Zhizn article appearing in the Union of Council's Monitor reports that the opening of a Jewish school in Kharkiv is being purposely thwarted by government interference (Evreiskaya Zhizn n.d.).

4 January

The Rada has reportedly altered the citizenship law to offer residents of the Dniester region of Moldova the opportunity to apply for Ukrainian citizenship (TASS 4 Feb. 1995); the change is scheduled to go into effect on 1 March 1995 (ibid.). A later report indicates that the right applies to Ukrainians throughout Moldova (Molod Ukrayiny 10 Mar. 1995).

12 January

According to Radio Ukraine, Donetsk city council has ruled that Russian "will be used alongside Ukrainian in business and legal documentation, and in educational, science, and cultural establishments" (Radio Ukraine World Service 12 Jan. 1995).

19 January

A Coordinating Committee for the Fight Against Corruption and Organized Crime is established in Crimea (Krymskaya Pravda 7 Feb. 1995). The committee is reportedly analogous to a Ukrainian committee (ibid.).

The Crimean parliament sends an appeal to Russian president Boris Yeltsin asking for Russia to establish consulates in Ukraine outside Kiev for the convenience of those who wish to obtain Russian citizenship (Krymskiye Izvestiya 24 Jan. 1995).

8 February

Russian and Ukrainian officials initial a treaty on friendship and cooperation (UNIAN 8 Feb. 1995; OMRI Daily Digest 9 Feb. 1995). The two issues that had held up the treaty for months, dual citizenship and the Black Sea Fleet, are not addressed, nor is the issue of Ukraine's debt to Russia (ibid.). Other agreements are also reached, including one on border crossings (ibid.).

21 February

President Kuchma annuls several of Crimean president Meshkov's decrees, including those from September 1994 that would have dissolved parliament and councils and called for a 9 April referendum on the constitution (see entry for 11 September 1994) (Uryadovyy Kuryer 25 Feb. 1995; OMRI Daily Digest 27 Feb. 1995).

22 February

At the broadcasting facilities in Kiev, protestors demonstrate against a perceived anti-communist bias in programming (Holos Ukrayiny 24 Feb. 1994; OMRI Daily Digest 23 Feb. 1995a); estimates of the number of participants range from 500 (ibid.) to 2,000 (Holos Ukrayiny 24 Feb. 1995). Left-wing forces in Kharkiv also demonstrate against high prices (ibid.).

President Kuchma orders the establishment of a new agency to fight organized crime (OMRI Daily Digest 23 Feb. 1995b).

March

The government holds the second month-long gun amnesty in six months (Molod Ukrayiny 14 Mar. 1995). It is scheduled to continue to 1 April (ibid.).

The home of a Lviv Jewish activist is burglarized shortly after he appears on television to condemn anti-Semitism in the city (News Watch May 1995, 5).

1 March

The trial of three leaders of the religious sect the White Brotherhood begins (Radio Ukraine World Service 2 Mar. 1995; Interfax 1 Mar. 1995). They are charged with "inciting mass unrest, infringing on personal and civic rights on the pretext of performing religious rituals, and premeditated infliction of serious bodily injuries" (ibid.). The three face potential sentences of two to twelve years (Radio Ukraine World Service 2 Mar. 1995).

Prime Minister Masol, an opponent of President Kravchuk's plans for economic reform, resigns (Keesing's Mar. 1995, 40464; OMRI Daily Digest 2 Mar. 1995). First Deputy Premier Yevhen Marchuk becomes the acting prime minister (ibid.; Keesing's Mar. 1995, 40464).

Crimean speaker Serhiy Tsekov resigns following accusations that he had been unable to calm relations with Russia or Ukraine (OMRI Daily Digest 3 Mar. 1995). UNIAN reports on 9 March that he has been re-elected to his post (UNIAN 9 Mar. 1995).

2 March

Two Lviv doctors are detained on suspicion of smuggling babies to foreigners (Reuters 2 Mar. 1995).

Early March

The government transfers several units of the Ukrainian National Guard (NGU), a highly-trained special operations force, from their subordination to the parliament to the subordination of the Interior Ministry (Obshchaya Gazeta 9-15 Mar. 1995). The move is apparently in accordance with a 20 January 1995 edict of President Kuchma (Silske Zhytta 23 Mar. 1995).

11 March

In Kiev, Jewish Agency representative Shimon Feingold is found dead in his apartment building (Voice of Israel 11 Mar. 1995; News Watch Apr. 1995, 7); his neighbour is arrested the following day and charged with manslaughter (ibid.). Jewish Agency officials attribute the incident to "the general atmosphere of violence in the region", as opposed to anti-Semitism, a sentiment echoed by the country's Interior Minister (ibid.)

12 March

In Simferopol, a bomb explodes at the front door of the Deputy Prime Minister of Crimea, Arkadii Demidenko; he is unharmed (Kommersant-Daily 16 Mar. 1995; Krymskaya Gazeta 14 Mar. 1995). A body of an unidentified man is found at the house, apparently the would-be murderer (ibid.; Kommersant-Daily 16 Mar. 1995).

Approximately 400 demonstrators in Sevastopol demand the re-institution of the Soviet Union (OMRI Daily Digest 14 Mar. 1995).

6/17 March

During the Jewish festival of Purim, bomb threats are received in Odessa at the Ukrainian Theatre and at the offices of the Jewish Agency (News Watch May 1995, 4-5; Reuters 17 Mar. 1995); no bombs are found at either site (ibid.; News Watch May 1995, 5).

17 March

A group of Russian diplomatic consular officials arrive in Simferopol to open an office for issuing Russian citizenship to qualified applicants (AFP 23 Mar. 1995; Intelnews 20 Mar. 1995). Ukrainian law forbids dual citizenship (ibid.). According to an ITAR-TASS report, those who accept a new citizenship must waive their Ukrainian citizenship (ITAR-TASS 23 Mar. 1995). Those who do "will receive the status of aliens residing in the Ukrainian territory. They lose the right to vote, the right to participate in the privatisation process and cannot serve in the Ukrainian army. They will also have no right to choose the place of residence. The moving to another district should be endorsed by the authorities" (ibid.).

President Kuchma and the Rada abolish the Crimean constitution and "effectively" abolish the Crimean presidency (Holos Ukrayiny 18 Mar. 1995; Keesing's Mar. 1995, 40464; The Washington Post 18 Mar. 1995). Power in the region now rests with the Crimean prime minister (ibid.). The Rada also grants itself a number of powers in the area, including control over the region's internal security forces (Keesing's Mar. 1995, 40464). According to ITAR-TASS, roughly 200 people converge on the Crimean parliament building to protest the Ukrainian move and the National Guard is reinforced in the area (ITAR-TASS 18 Mar. 1995). Russian sources indicate that some 200 special service troops from the Berkut squad are also sent in from Kiev (ibid.; Radio Rossii 17 Mar. 1995). The following day, the Crimean Union of Free Journalists denies Russian media reports that Ukrainian special troops are blocking the Crimean parliament building (Radio Ukraine World Service 18 Mar. 1994a). As well, the Commander of the Ukraine National Guard denies Russian reports that National Guard troops are blockading the president's residence or the television centre (ibid. 18 Mar. 1995b). ITAR-TASS later reports that the broadcasting centre is in fact occupied by Crimean OMON troops, not Ukrainian forces, and that approximately 20 people are outside the Crimean parliament (ITAR-TASS 19 Mar. 1995).

Demonstrators at a Sevastopol rally organized by the Communist Party and other left-wing forces call for the resignation of President Kuchma and the re-institution of the Soviet Union (UNIAR 18 Mar. 1995).

22 March

The Crimean legislature dismisses Prime Minster Franchuk following the Ukraine government's abolition of the Crimean constitution (OMRI Daily Digest 3 Apr. 1995; Keesing's Apr. 1995, 40515).

24 March

The Ukrainian government postpones local Crimean elections until 25 June and rescinds a Crimean law allowing Crimean military conscripts to serve only locally (OMRI Daily Digest 27 Mar. 1995; UNIAN 24 Mar. 1995).

26 March

Over 1,000 demonstrators in Sevastopol demand the return of Crimea to Russia (OMRI Daily Digest 27 Mar. 1995).

30 March

The Russian diplomatic consular officials leave Ukraine after less than two weeks (Ukrinform 30 Mar. 1995; ITAR-TASS 30 Mar. 1995). They had been ordered to leave by the Ukrainian foreign ministry (ibid.), although the Russians deny that was the reason for their departure (Ukrinform 30 Mar. 1995). The mission head, Alexis Molochkov, states that approximately 150 to 200 people a day had visited the office, although he refuses to say how many passports had been issued (AFP 28 Mar. 1995). According to another report, approximately 40 applicants a day had visited the office (Deutsche Presse-Agentur 8 Apr. 1995).

31 March

An MVD official is interviewed about amendments to the law "On the Police" (Krymskie Izvestiya 31 Mar. 1995). The amendments allow police officers to take out their guns if they believe they may need to use them; according to the official, "it is no longer required to give a voice warning ... or to fire a warning shot" (ibid.). Officers may use their weapon if a detainee approaches them or if a detainee touches the officer's weapon (ibid.).

Late March

The introduction of new passports is scheduled to begin (TASS 3 Mar. 1995; Ukrinform 6 Mar. 1995). The internal passports will be blue (ibid.), and they will not indicate the holder's nationality or family status (ibid.; TASS 3 Mar. 1995). The system of residence permits is to remain in place (ibid.; Ukrinform 6 Mar. 1995). According to Ukrinform, "a special passport, red in color, will be issued for travelling outside the country" (ibid.). External passports will be issued only at one's place of permanent residence (ibid.). It is expected that 40 million internal and 7 million external passports will be issued (ibid.). At a press conference in late March, interior ministry officials announce that the issuing of new passports will begin "in three months. Persons who waive Ukrainian citizenship will receive residence permits instead of passports" (ITAR-TASS 23 Mar. 1995). In late May an article by the Crimean government press service states that new Ukrainian passports will be issued in the republic as of 1 June 1995 until 1 June 2001 (Krymskiye Izvestiya 23 May 1995). A Soviet passport remains valid until it is exchanged, and the foreign Soviet passport remains valid "to the end of the term of its validity, providing it is reregistered in the established procedure" (ibid.).

1 April

President Kuchma issues a decree making all appointments to the Crimean government subject to the consent of the Ukrainian president and restoring Prime Minister Franchuk to his post (Reuters 1 Apr. 1995; ibid. 3 Apr. 1995; Radio Ukraine World Service 1 Apr. 1995).

3 April

A demonstration organized by the Crimean government is held in Simferopol to protest Ukraine's recent moves vis-a-vis Crimea (Krymskiye Izvestiya 4 Apr. 1995).

4 April

The Rada defeats the Ukrainian government in a non-confidence vote on the economy (Interfax 4 Apr. 1995; OMRI Daily Digest 5 Apr. 1995); the cabinet will remain in power until a new one is approved by the legislature (ibid.). President Kuchma appoints a new government in early July (OMRI Daily Digest 5 July 1995).

5 April

In Kiev, Ukrainian and Israeli representatives sign a protocol for the establishment of information and cultural centres (Interfax 3 Apr. 1995).

In front of the parliament buildings in Kiev, several hundred protestors demand the resignation of Speaker Oleksander Moroz and his deputy, claiming they are blocking reforms and accusing them of corruption (OMRI Daily Digest 6 Apr. 1995; ITAR-TASS 5 Apr. 1995).

6 April

The Rada passes a law on the participation in the upcoming local Crimean elections of those who had been deported from Crimea during WW II and their descendants (Krymskiye Izvestiya 13 Apr. 1995; ITAR-TASS 6 Apr. 1995). Under the law, special constituencies may be established to represent deported groups (ibid.; Krymskiye Izvestiya 13 Apr. 1995). Because the law refers to deported groups in general, as opposed to Tatars in particular, the National Movement of Crimean Tatars demands its repeal (Krymskaya Pravda 22 Apr. 1995).

Two UNA-UNSO deputies destroy a Russian flag in the Supreme Council Chamber following similar treatment of a Ukrainian flag in the Russian Duma (Keesing's Apr. 1995, 40515); they could be sentenced to two years in prison (ibid.).

14 April

The editor of the Sevastopol daily newspaper Slava Sevastopolya, Vladimir Ivanov, is injured in a bomb explosion (Libération 15-16 Apr. 1995, 9; Index on Censorship May-June 1995, 188-89). He dies of his injuries four days later (ibid.). His paper reported on organized crime and corruption (ibid.; AFP 14 Apr. 1995), and supported autonomy for the Russian inhabitants of Crimea (Index on Censorship May-June 1995, 188-89).

18 April

There is a bomb scare at the Crimean parliament in Simferopol, although it turns out to be a false alarm (ITAR-TASS 18 Apr. 1995).

19 April

On the anniversary of victory in WW II, President Kuchma signs an amnesty for several veterans in prison; they include those disabled in the war, those who have served one-third of their sentence and those with less than five years of their sentence pending (Interfax 19 Apr. 1995). Others affected include veterans' widows and "individual categories of people who have served most of their term" (ibid.).

20 April

The UNA Lviv Oblast Committee is registered (Za Vilnu Ukrayinu 27 Apr. 1995).

25 April

The Crimean legislature decides to hold referendums on the constitution and on an economic and political union with Belarus, Russia and Ukraine in tandem with the 25 June local elections (Keesing's Apr. 1995, 40515; OMRI Daily Digest 26 Apr. 1995). President Kuchma calls the proposal illegal and threatens retaliatory actions (ibid.).

30 April

Police shoot at the car of the Crimean parliamentary speaker, Sergei Tsekov, who is not in the car at the time (ITAR-TASS 3 May 1995). The police state that the car was speeding and refused to stop (ibid.). Crimean police have reportedly used firearms "almost 25 times to stop violators of traffic regulations" in 1995 (ibid.).

Early May

According to one report, a Crimean Tatar is beaten in the village of Strohanovka; a police sergeant reportedly takes part in the attack (Holos Ukrayiny 13 May 1995). The source indicates that the police did not attempt to investigate the incident (ibid). The following day several Tatars become involved in fights with traders in the Simferopol market-place (ibid.). Those Tatars who are arrested are reportedly beaten by police at the police station (ibid.). According to another source, Tatars gather in Simferopol in early May to protest that one Tatar was recently killed and another maimed (Segodnya 17 May 1995). Segodnya states that on 5 May market stalls were trashed by Tatars angered by the alleged racketeering practices of their owners (ibid.). Reportedly, twenty-three people are arrested and one is beaten by a "kin policeman" (ibid.).

1 May

May Day celebrations in Donetsk are reportedly calm when roughly 12,000 people march through the streets (Intelnews 3 May 1995).

In Nikolayev, union leaders and pro-communist parties organize an anti-Ukrainian, anti-Kuchma rally that is attended by 2,000 people (UNIAR 2 May 1995).

11 May

Three thousand Tatars protest against crime and discrimination in front of the Simferopol Procurator's office (Ukrinform 12 May 1995; NTV 11 May 1995). According to a Russian source, they also demonstrate against people, "including those wearing police uniforms, who are harassing the Tatar population" (ibid.). The decision is reportedly made to establish Tatar self-defence detachments, "askeri", in those areas with large Tatar populations (Holos Ukraiyny 13 May 1995; Segodnya 17 May 1995).

18 May

In commemoration of the Tatar deportations under Stalin, a reported 30,000 Tatars in Simferopol demand greater rights (Reuters 18 May 1995; OMRI Daily Digest 19 May 1995a), including the recognition of the Tatar assembly, the Mejlis (ibid.).

The Rada passes legislation on power and local self government (see entry for 28 December 1994) (Interfax 19 May 1995). Not included is the provision allowing the president to disband parliament (ibid.; Monitor 19 May 1995; OMRI Daily Digest 19 May 1995b). A provision allowing parliament to impeach the president has also been removed (ibid.; Interfax 19 May 1995). The president can now select his cabinet and introduce economic reforms unilaterally and overrule local governments (Monitor 19 May 1995; see also Interfax 19 May 1995).

30 May

The Rada refuses to pass implementing legislation for the law on power and Kuchma's supporters decide to try to implement the law through an agreement between the legislative and executive branches (Intelnews 31 May 1995). Following initial acceptance of the bill, the president and the Rada have been at odds over the changes that must be made to the constitution in order for the legislation to take effect (ibid. 1 June 1995; OMRI Daily Digest 1 June 1995). The following day, President Kuchma calls a plebiscite for 28 June on confidence in the government (ibid.; Intelnews 1 June 1995). The plebiscite would be legally non-binding (OMRI Daily Digest 1 June 1995). The Rada vetoes the plebiscite the following day (ibid. 2 June 1995), although Kuchma issues another decree reiterating his intentions on 5 June (ibid. 6 June 1995b).

31 May

Following a 26 May 1995 ultimatum issued by the Rada (OMRI Daily Digest 26 May 1995), the Crimean parliament decides not to hold a referendum on the constitution that had been scheduled for 25 June (ITAR-TASS 31 May 1995). It is reported on 9 June that the Crimean government is planning to cancel the referendum on a possible union with Russia and Belarus (see entry for 25 April 1995) (Interfax 9 June 1995).

7 June

The Rada passes the legislation on the separation of powers, thereby extending to President Kuchma a series of new powers (OMRI Daily Digest 8 June 1995; Monitor 7 June 1995). In return, Kuchma calls off plans for a plebiscite that was to be held on 28 June on his authority (ibid.).

8 June

President Kuchma names Yevgeny Marchuk as the new Ukrainian Prime Minister (Monitor 9 June 1995).

9 June

At a Sochi meeting, Yeltsin and Kuchma reach an agreement on the Black Sea Fleet (Monitor 12 June 1995; Reuters 9 June 1995), although the question of basing arrangements for the Ukrainian fleet in Sevastopol remains unanswered (ibid.; Monitor 12 June 1995).

18 June

UNIAN reports that the Internal Affairs Ministry has begun a campaign known as Operation Migrant to detect those who are in the country illegally (UNIAN 22 June 1995).

21 June

The Rada dismisses Prosecutor General Vladislav Datsyuk (OMRI Daily Digest 22 June 1995). The legislature claims that the move was the result of Datsyuk's failure to deal with crime, while he claims that the Rada is trying to undercut his investigation of official corruption (ibid.).

According to a report in Kiev's Vechirniy Kyiv, local police have been ordered to "check Chechens and other individuals of Caucasian nationality" in the city (Vechirniy Kyiv 21 June 1995); the paper alleges that the move is connected to the recent kidnapping of Russians by Chechen fighters in the town of Budennovsk, Russia (ibid.).

22 June

Communists in Sevastopol mark the 54th anniversary of the Great Patriotic War (World War II) by staging a rally demanding the resignation of President Kuchma and the restoration of soviets (UNIAR 22 June 1995).

The head of the Ukrainian Border Troops orders that the patrol of the Russian-Ukrainian border be strengthened due to ongoing fighting in the North Caucasus (UNIAN 22 June 1995).

23 June

In the Crimean village of Kurotnoye, near the town of Fedosia, two Tatar merchants are killed (AFP 27 June 1995; Monitor 27 June 1995; OMRI Daily Digest 27 June 1995a; ibid. 29 June 1995). Tatar leaders claim the two were killed for failing to pay protection money to criminal gangs (ibid.). Two suspects are arrested on 25 June (ibid.).

25 June

Local elections are held in Crimea (OMRI Daily Digest 26 June 1995); over 75 per cent of local council seats are filled (ibid.). Two candidates in Simferopol were reportedly beaten up during the campaign (Russian Public Television 25 June 1995). The Tatar community does not participate because less than half of those who have returned from other parts of the former Soviet Union have become Ukrainian citizens (ibid.; OMRI Daily Digest 26 June 1995).

Tatar demonstrations in Kurotnoye against police inaction regarding the violence of the past week turn into riots (ITAR-TASS 26 June 1995). When the disturbances spread to Fedosiya and Sudak, two Tatars are killed and several are wounded in confrontations with police (ibid.; Interfax 26 June 1995; OMRI Daily Digest 27 June 1995a; see also Literaturnaya Gazeta 5 July 1995). A group of Tatars begins marching toward Simferopol to await the outcome of talks that are being held between Tatar and Crimean government representatives (ITAR-TASS 26 June 1995). Agence France Presse reports that a member of the Russian OMON was also killed in the mêlée (AFP 27 June 1995).

A reported 50 followers of the White Brotherhood sect complain to the Prosecutor's office that three members on trial are not receiving a fair hearing (see entry for 1 March 1995) (OMRI Daily Digest 27 June 1995b).

27 June

Ukrainians demonstrate outside a Kiev television station to protest the station's Russian-language programming and the lack of quality Ukrainian-language programming (Monitor 28 June 1995; Index on Censorship July-Aug. 1995, 189).

Early July

There are a series of four explosions at property owned by a suspected criminal group (Literaturnaya Gazeta 5 July 1995; Intelnews 2 July 1995), and two businessmen are shot in Simferopol (ibid.). There are allegations in the press that the Tatars might "take the law into their own hands" (ibid.; Literaturnaya Gazeta 5 July 1995). Tatars accuse the police of also assuming the violence is linked to the Tatar population (Intelnews 2 July 1995).

6 July

A new moderate speaker is elected in the Crimean legislature following the dismissal of the pro-Russia Sergei Tsekov the previous day (OMRI Daily Digest 7 July 1995; Monitor 7 July 1995).

A former advisor to Tsekov, Ihor Krot, is arrested for "besmirching the honor and dignity" of President Kuchma after a pamphlet appears in Simferopol depicting the president with a swastika (UNIAN 12 July 1995). A member of Krot's Republican Party states that he has not been allowed to see his family or receive legal defence (ibid. 17 July 1995).

12 July

Russian Duma deputy Konstantin Zatulin asks the Russian Constitutional Court to re-affirm two decisions: the 1948 decision to make Sevastopol a distinct administrative region from Crimea, and the 1993 resolution conferring "Russian status" on the city (Monitor 13 July 1995).

Mid-July

According to the Russia-based newspaper Obshchaya Gazeta, the Ukrainian government plans to establish a new anti-terrorist unit (OMRI Daily Digest 26 July 1995).

18 July

Kiev police forcibly prevent approximately 1,000 mourners from burying Volodymyr Romanyuk, the Patriarch of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church, on the grounds of St. Sophia's Cathedral (OMRI Daily Digest 19 July 1995; Monitor 18 July 1995). Authorities had previously forbidden the burial on the site of the national monument (ibid.; OMRI Daily Digest 19 July 1995). Interior Ministry officials later state that there were between 3,000 and 8,000 people at the mêlée, including 300 UNSO members, as well as 800 police officers (Holos Ukrayiny 21 July 1995). They also report that 34 police officers were hurt during the incident and that nine people were subsequently detained, eight of whom were held for five days (ibid.). An investigation into the incident is launched, and in early August two police officials are suspended for its duration (Interfax 3 Aug. 1995). The source notes that a third official is on vacation and also not at work (ibid.).

22 July

Approximately 150 people attend a Simferopol rally calling for the restoration of Sevastopol's Russian status (Interfax 22 July 1995).

Nine days after the death of Patriarch Volodymyr Romanyuk, a Kiev-approved mourning march is held in the capital city (Radio Ukraine World Service 22 July 1995).

31 July

A Ukrainian government inquiry into the June Tatar violence concludes (Intelnews 31 July 1995). A special program will be put in place to assist in the repatriation of Tatars deported under Stalin (ibid.).

2 August

The Crimean legislature overturns its 22 March 1995 dismissal of Prime Minister Franchuk (OMRI Daily Digest 4 Aug. 1995). Ukrainian president Kuchma's decree placing the Crimean government under Kiev control remains in force (see entry for 1 April 1995) (ibid.).

10 August

President Kuchma reinstates Vladislav Datsiuk as prosecutor general on the basis of the recently agreed upon constitutional accord (OMRI Daily Digest 14 Aug. 1995) (see entry for 21 June 1995).

14 August

A miners' strike scheduled to be held in Kiev is cancelled after the coal industry minister arranges to pay wage arrears owed to workers from May through July (OMRI Daily Digest 15 Aug. 1995).

17 August

The eligibility of the UNA to remain an officially registered political party is being tested in court because of some of the party's activities, including the sending of fighters to Chechnya and Abkhazia (OMRI Daily Digest 18 Aug. 1995). The party has also been accused of being behind the violence at the burial of Patriarch Volodymyr (ibid.). The court proceedings are disrupted by UNA supporters (ibid.).

19 August

A Military Inspectorate-General is scheduled to be established on 31 August, according to General Valery Hubenko, who is expected to be its first head (OMRI Daily Digest 21 Aug. 1995). It will oversee "the Ministry of Defense, the armed forces, the Border Troops, the Interior Troops, and a number of other military and paramilitary organizations" and is expected to have a staff of 53 (ibid.).

21 August

Ukrainian television reports that President Kuchma has rescinded his March decree placing the Crimean government under Kiev's control (OMRI Daily Digest 22 Aug. 1995). The Crimean legislature can now appoint the republic's prime minister, although the candidates must be approved by the Ukrainian president (ibid.).

22 August

According to various news reports cited in OMRI Daily Digest and Monitor, the Black Sea Fleet agreement is not finalized and will likely not be settled until after the December 1995 Russian elections (OMRI Daily Digest 23 Aug. 1995; Monitor 23 Aug. 1995).

3 August

Forty days after his death, as per the Orthodox tradition, mourners hold a memorial service for former Ukrainian Patriarch Volodymyr (OMRI Daily Digest 24 Aug. 1995; Monitor 24 Aug. 1995). One source puts the number of attendees at 4,000 (ibid.). After the service, an anti-government rally is held (ibid.; OMRI Daily Digest 24 Aug. 1995).

6 September

The Justice Ministry bans the Ukrainian National Assembly (OMRI Daily Digest 7 Sept. 1995). The decision reportedly stems from the UNA's alleged involvement in the mêlée at the burial of Patriarch Volodymyr and their sending of mercenaries to fight in Chechnya and the Transdniester. (ibid.). The prime minister later states that the party can apply to re-register if it changes its tactics (ibid. 13 Sept. 1995).

APPENDIX I: ELECTION RESULTS

election           type ofelection     seats contested    seats finalized
date

27 March       1st round of legisla-             450          49(BBC Summary
                tive elections (see chro-      1 Apr. 1994)
                 nology for details)

2-3 April part of the second round    24 (AFP 10Apr. 1994)
                vote (AFP or

 10 Apr. 1994; 29 In terfax

 Europe-Asia 4 Apr. 1994)

Studies Mar.

 1995, 238) 24

10-11 April remainder of by the end of

 the second round the second round 338

 deputies have

 been elected (

 Europe-Asia

 Studies Mar.

 1995)

24 July repeat elections 112 (The 20 (The

Weekly Weekly 31

31 July July 1994,

1994, 1) 1)

31 July run-offs (The 12 ( Krym- 12 (Interfax

Ukrainian skaya Gazeta 8 Aug. 1994)

 Weekly 4 Aug. 1994)

 July 1994, 1)

7 August run-offs (The 34 (The Ukrai- 27 (Interfax

Ukrainian Weekly nian Weekly 8 Aug. 1994)

 31 July 1994, 1) 14 Aug. 1994, 3)

20 November new elections 55 (AFP 21 10 (The

 (The Ukrainian Nov. 1994) or Ukrainian

 Weekly 31 July 56 (Reuters Weekly 27 Nov.

 1994, 1) 56 21 Nov. 1994) 1994b, 2)

4 December run-offs 3 (The Ukrainian 1 (The

 (The Ukrainian Weekly 27 Nov. Ukraine Weekly Weekly 27 Nov. 1994b, 2) 11 Dec. 1994,2)

 1994b, 2)

APPENDIX II: NOTES ON SOURCES

Monitor and Prism:

Monitor, a daily publication, and Prism, a weekly, are published by the Jamestown Foundation. The Editor-In-Chief of both is Paul Goble who has worked with the United States Department of State, Radio Liberty, and the Carnegie Endowment. The Jamestown Foundation, established in 1983, describes itself as "a nonprofit educational institution devoted to the study of the former Soviet bloc countries and to dissemination of information about them. Jamestown has published the Moscow-based magazine Crossroads, a monitor of post-Soviet reform, and has sponsored the publication of numerous books, articles, and studies by natives of the region."

 The issues of Monitor and Prism used in this publication were received via an electronic listserver at [email protected] or [email protected]. Please note that the Union of Councils, formerly the Union of Councils of Soviet Jews, also produces a publication entitled Monitor.

OMRI Daily Digest:

The OMRI Daily Digest is published electronically by the Open Media Research Institute, Prague. Citations listed as having been received via an internet mailing list were received via the electronic listserver at [email protected]. OMRI is a joint initiative of the United States Board for International Broadcasting, the US oversight agency of RFE/RL and the Soros Foundation's Open Society Institute. OMRI now fulfills many of the research needs previously addressed by the RFE/RL Research Institute (see below). OMRI also publishes a bi-weekly journal of events in the former Soviet Union, Eastern Europe and other countries.

RFE/RL Daily Report:

The RFE/RL Daily Report was published electronically by the Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty Research Institute, a division of Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, Inc., until December 1994, when the RFE/RL Research Institute closed. The Open Media Research Institute (see above) now fulfills many of the research needs previously addressed by the Institute. Citations listed as having been received via an internet mailing list were received via the electronic listserver at [email protected]. Others were retrieved via the veronica search tool from [email protected].

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Agence France Presse (AFP). 14 April 1995. "Sevastopol Newspaper Editor 'Seriously Injured' by Bomb." (FBIS-SOV-95-072 14 Apr. 1995, pp. 54-55)

Agence France Presse (AFP). 28 March 1995. "Russia Stops Delivering Passports in Crimea as Ukraine Protests." (NEXIS)

Agence France Presse (AFP). 23 March 1995. Lila Boudjourova. "La course au passeport russe en Crimée provoque la colère de Kiev." (NEXIS)

Agence France Presse (AFP). 21 November 1994. "Low Voter Turnout Cancels Most Contests." (FBIS-SOV-94-225 22 Nov. 1994, pp. 39-40)

Agence France Presse (AFP). 17 November 1994. "Le parlement de Kiev annule la legislation separatiste de la Crimée." (NEXIS)

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Agence France Presse (AFP). 8 July 1994. "Russian Journalist Missing in Ukraine." (NEXIS)

Agence France Presse (AFP). 10 April 1994. "Les Ukrainiens votent pour le deuxieme tour des elections." (NEXIS)

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Aktsent [Donetsk, in Russian]. 19 October 1994. "Prohibition Against Communist Party Lifted." (FBIS-USR-94-115 25 Oct. 1994, p. 68)

BBC Summary of World Broadcasts. 13 May 1994. "Ukrainian Border Guards Shoot Hungarian Driver." (NEXIS)

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Demokratychna Ukrayina [Kiev, in Ukrainian]. 2 July 1994. "Crimean Parliament Confirms Separatists Intentions." (FBIS-SOV-94-129 6 July 1994, pp. 36-37)

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Holos Ukrayiny [Kiev, in Ukrainian]. 24 February 1995. "Leftist Forces Hold Rallies, Set Demands." (FBIS-SOV-95-039 28 Feb. 1995, p. 43)

Holos Ukrayiny [Kiev, in Ukrainian]. 9 December 1994. "Strike Ends Due to Commission Set-Up." (FBIS-SOV-94-239 13 Dec. 1994, p. 38)

Holos Ukrayiny [Kiev, in Ukrainian]. 6 December 1994. "Rallies Continue Against Price Liberation." (FBIS-SOV-94-239 13 Dec. 1994, p. 36)

Holos Ukrayiny [Kiev, in Ukrainian]. 24 November 1994. Lyudmyla Hrach. "KUN Officer Receives Threats, Beating." (FBIS-SOV-94-228 28 Nov. 1994, p. 52)

Holos Ukrayiny [Kiev, in Ukrainian]. 2 November 1994. "Kryvyy Rih Miners Remain Unsatisfied." (FBIS-SOV-94-215 7 Nov. 1994, p. 47)

Holos Ukrayiny [Kiev, in Ukrainian]. 7 September 1994. "Simferopol Rally Denounces Government, President." (FBIS-SOV-94-175 9 Sept. 1994, pp. 48-49)

Holos Ukrayiny [Kiev, in Ukrainian]. 31 August 1994. "Meshkov Received Poorly at Communist Rally." (FBIS-SOV-94-173 7 Sept. 1994, pp. 49-50)

Holos Ukrayiny [Kiev, in Ukrainian]. 2 April 1994. "Ministry Declares Jewish Agency's Activity Illegal." (FBIS-SOV-94-069 11 Apr. 1994, pp. 34-35)

Index on Censorship [London]. July-August 1995. Vol. 24, No. 4. "Ukraine."

Index on Censorship [London]. May-June 1995. Vol. 24, No. 3. "Ukraine."

Index on Censorship [London]. January-February 1995. Vol. 24, No. 1. "Ukraine."

Index on Censorship [London]. November-December 1994. Vol. 23, No. 6. "Ukraine."

 Intelnews [Kiev, in English]. 31 July 1995. Lilia Budzhurova. "Government Concludes Tatar Riot Inquiry." (FBIS-SOV-95-147 1 Aug. 1995, pp. 56-57)

 Intelnews [Kiev, in English]. 2 July 1995. Lilia Budzhurova. "Current Tatar Situation Reviewed." (FBIS-SOV-95-128 5 July 1995, p. 60)

 Intelnews [Kiev, in English]. 1 June 1995. Oksana Hasiuk. "President Orders Nationwide Confidence Vote." (FBIS-SOV-95-105 1 June 1995, pp. 51-52)

 Intelnews [Kiev, in English]. 31 May 1995. Oksana Hasiuk. "Parliament Balks at Kuchma Power Bill Law." (FBIS-SOV-95-104 31 May 1995, p. 63)

 Intelnews [Kiev, in English]. 3 May 1995. "Donetsk May Day Demonstration Calm 'Despite Expectations'." (FBIS-SOV-95-085 3 May 1995, pp. 54-55)

 Intelnews [Kiev, in English]. 20 March 1995. "Russian Embassy Team in Crimea to View Citizenship." (FBIS-SOV-95-053 20 Mar. 1995, p. 39)

 Intelnews [Kiev, in English]. 30 December 1994. "Respublika Leader Cites 'Political' Accidents." (FBIS-SOV-94-251 30 Dec. 1994, p. 18)

Interfax [Moscow, in English]. 3 August 1995. "Kiev Police Officials Suspended." (FBIS-SOV-95-150 4 Aug. 1995, p. 62)

Interfax [Moscow, in English]. 22 July 1995. "Call for Restoration of Russian Status of Sevastopol." (FBIS-SOV-95-141 24 July 1995, p. 57)

Interfax [Moscow, in English]. 26 June 1995. "Talks Between Government, Tatar Leaders." (FBIS-SOV-95-123 27 June 1995, p. 57)

Interfax [Moscow, in English]. 9 June 1995. "Kuchma Forseen Annulling Edict on Crimean Government." (FBIS-SOV-95-112 12 June 1995, p. 63)

Interfax [Moscow, in English]. 19 May 1995. "Kuchma Staffer Hails Law on State Power." (FBIS-SOV-95-098 22 May 1995, pp. 65-66)

Interfax [Moscow, in English]. 19 April 1995. "Other Reports; Kuchma Signs Decree on Amnesty to Mark Victory Day." (BBC Summary 21 Apr. 1995/NEXIS)

Interfax [Moscow, in English]. 4 April 1995. "Parliament Passes Vote of No-Confidence in Government." (FBIS-SOV-95-064 4 Apr. 1995, p. 42)

Interfax [Moscow, in English]. 3 April 1995. "Protocol for Cultural Centers Signed with Israel." (FBIS-SOV-95-064 4 Apr. 1995, p. 41)

Interfax [Moscow, in English]. 1 March 1995. "Internal Affairs: Trial of Leaders of White Brotherhood Sect Begins in Kiev." (BBC Summary 3 Mar. 1995/NEXIS)

Interfax [Moscow, in English]. 30 January 1995. "Official Comments on Border Agreement with Russia." (FBIS-SOV-95-020 31 Jan. 1995, p. 26)

Interfax [Moscow, in English]. 7 December 1994. "Soviet Sets Election Date for 'Invalid' Regions." (FBIS-SOV-94-236 8 Dec. 1994, p. 46)

Interfax [Moscow, in English]. 7 November 1994. "'Light' Injuries Noted." (FBIS-SOV-94-216 8 Nov. 1994, p. 41)

Interfax [Moscow, in English]. 29 September 1994. "Law Takes Executive Role from Meshkov." (FBIS-SOV-94-190 30 Sept. 1994, p. 49)

Interfax [Moscow, in English]. 26 September 1994. "Speaker on Parliament's 'Rash' Decision." (FBIS-SOV-94-187 27 Sept. 1994, p. 58)

Interfax [Moscow, in English]. 12 September 1994. "Law Enforcement Bodies Urged to Prevent Clashes." (FBIS-SOV-94-177 13 Sept. 1994, p. 42)

Interfax [Moscow, in English]. 9 September 1994. "Constitutional Court Set Up in Crimea." (FBIS-SOV-94-176 12 Sept. 1994, p. 56)

Interfax [Moscow, in English]. 8 August 1994. "7 Aug Parliament Election Results Reported." (FBIS-SOV-94-153 9 Aug. 1994, pp. 32-33)

Interfax [Moscow, in English]. 1 August 1994. "Crimean Presidential Advisor Killed." (FBIS-SOV-94-148 2 Aug. 1994, p. 33)

Interfax [Moscow, in English]. 30 June 1994. "Crimea Adopts Measures to Protect Statehood." (FBIS-SOV-94-127 1 July 1994, p. 43)

Interfax [Moscow, in English]. 2 June 1994. "Crimean Supreme Council Rejects More Power for Meshkov." (FBIS-SOV-94-107 3 June 1994, p. 43)

Interfax [Moscow, in English]. 4 April 1994. "Results of Elections in 27 Precincts Announced." (FBIS-SOV-94-065 5 Apr. 1994, pp. 34-35)

Interfax [Moscow, in English]. 2 April 1994. "Kravchuk Cancels Meshkov's Resolution on Conscripts." (FBIS-SOV-94-064 4 Apr. 1994, p. 47)

International Bureau on Human Rights (IBHR). 5 October 1994. Natalia Belitser and Myroslav Marynovich. "Faithful Condemnn Jehovah's Witness Ban." (Monitor (UCSJ) [Washington, DC]. 14 Oct. 1994. Vol. 5, No. 21, p. 10)

International Bureau on Human Rights (IBHR). 18 June 1994. Liubov Khazan. "Political Attacks Continue." (Monitor (UCSJ) [Washington, DC]. 8 July 1994. Vol. 5, No. 14, p. 10)

International Bureau on Human Rights (IBHR). 15 June 1994. Liubov Khazan. "Prime Minister Profiled." (Monitor (UCSJ) [Washington, DC]. 8 July 1994. Vol. 5, No. 14, p. 10)

International Bureau on Human Rights (IBHR). 31 May 1994. Myroslav Marynovich and Liubov Khazan. "Journalists Attacked by Ukrainian Nationalists." (Monitor (UCSJ) [Washington, DC]. 10 June 1994. Vol. 5, No. 12, p. 3)

International Bureau on Human Rights (IBHR). 4 May 1994. Myroslav Marynovich. "Non-Residents of City Must Register." (Monitor (UCSJ) [Washington, DC]. 13 May 1994. Vol. 5, No. 10, p. 12)

International Bureau on Human Rights (IBHR). 13 April 1994. "Election Abuses Reported." (Monitor (USCJ) [Washington, DC]. 15 April 1994. Vol. 5, No. 8, pp. 10-11)

International Lesbian and Gay Association (ILGA) Bulletin [Brussels]. July-August-September 1994. No. 3/1994. "New Groups: In Ukraine: Zaporozhye."

ITAR-TASS [Moscow, in English]. 26 June 1995. Lev Ryabchikov. "Crimean Tatars Riot, Demand Talks with Army." (FBIS-SOV-95-122 26 June 1995, pp. 67-68)

ITAR-TASS [Moscow, in English]. 31 May 1995. Lev Ryabchikov. "Crimean Parliament Drops Constitutional Referendum." (FBIS-SOV-95-104 31 May 1995, pp. 66-67)

ITAR-TASS [Moscow, in English]. 3 May 1995. "Tsekov Declines to Comment on Police Firing on Car." (FBIS-SOV-95-085 3 May 1995, p. 55)

ITAR-TASS [Moscow, in English]. 18 April 1995. Lev Ryabchikov. "Bomb Scare in Crimean Parliament Blamed on Ukraine." (FBIS-SOV-95-074 18 Apr. 1995, p. 49)

ITAR-TASS [Moscow, in English]. 6 April 1995. Oksana Noskova. "Parliament Adopts Law on Local Elections in Crimea." (FBIS-SOV-95-066 6 Apr. 1995, p. 61)

ITAR-TASS [Moscow, in English]. 5 April 1995. Viktor Demidenko and Mikhail Melnik. "Democratic Parties Picket Parliament, Seek Resignations." (FBIS-SOV-95-066 6 Apr. 1995, p. 48)

ITAR-TASS [Moscow, in English]. 30 March 1995. Lev Ryabchikov. "Foreign Ministry Orders Russian Consulate Out of Crimea." (FBIS-SOV-95-062 31 Mar. 1995, pp. 42-43)

ITAR-TASS [Moscow, in English]. 23 March 1995. Lev Ryabchikov. "Russian Consular Officials Work in Simferopol." (NEXIS)

ITAR-TASS [Moscow, in English] [Moscow, in Russian]. 19 March 1995. Igor Agabekov. "Meshkov's Telephones Cut Off." (FBIS-SOV-95-053 20 Mar. 1995, p. 49)

ITAR-TASS [Moscow, in English] [Moscow, in Russian]. 18 March 1995. "Crimean Town Reps Picket Parliament." (FBIS-SOV-95-053 20 Mar. 1995, p. 44)

ITAR-TASS [Moscow, in English] [Moscow, in Russian] [Moscow, in English]. 17 November 1994. Viktor Demidenko and Mikhail Melnik. "Parliament Rescinds Crimean Laws as 'Contrary'." (FBIS-SOV-94-223 18 Nov. 1994, p. 38)

ITAR-TASS [Moscow, in English] [Moscow, in Russian] [Moscow, in English] [Moscow, in Russian]. 7 November 1994. Viktor Demidenko and Mikhail Melnik. "'Clash' Occurs During Rallies." (FBIS-SOV-94-216 8 Nov. 1994, p. 41)

ITAR-TASS [Moscow, in English] [Moscow, in Russian]. 22 September 1994. Lev Ryabchikov. "Meshkov Rescinds Orders on Suspending Parliament." (FBIS-SOV-94-185 23 Sept. 1994, p. 49)

ITAR-TASS [Moscow, in English] [Moscow, in Russian]. 21 September 1994. Viktor Demidenko and Mikhail Melnik. "Official Receives Stab Wounds in 'Organized Attack'." (FBIS-SOV-94-184 22 Sept. 1994, p. 51)

ITAR-TASS [Moscow, in English] [Moscow, in Russian]. 15 September 1994a. "Crimean Parliament Votes No Confidence." (FBIS-SOV-94-180 16 Sept. 1994, p. 47)

ITAR-TASS [Moscow, in English] [Moscow, in Russian]. 15 September 1994b. Viktor Demidenko and Mikhail Melnik. "Parliament Repeals Sevastopol's Decision." (FBIS-SOV-94-179 15 Sept. 1994, p. 37)

ITAR-TASS [Moscow, in English] [Moscow, in Russian]. 11 September 1994. Lev Ryabchikov. "Meshkov Suspends Parliament." (FBIS-SOV-94-176 12 Sept. 1994, p. 45)

ITAR-TASS [Moscow, in English] [Moscow, in Russian]. 3 June 1994. "Deputy Speaker Receives CSCE Commissioner." (FBIS-SOV-94-108 6 June 1994, pp. 38-39)

ITAR-TASS [Moscow, in English] [Moscow, in Russian]. 5 May 1994. Leb Ryabchikov. "No Bomb Found." (FBIS-SOV-94-088 6 May 1994, p. 36)

ITAR-TASS [Moscow, in English] [Moscow, in Russian]. 31 March 1994. Anatoliy Gordeyev. "Donbass Chooses to Speak Russian, Join CIS." (FBIS-SOV-94-063 1 Apr. 1994, p. 34)

Keesing's Record of World Events [Cambridge]. April 1995. Vol. 41, No. 4. "Ukraine."

Keesing's Record of World Events [Cambridge]. March 1995. Vol. 41, No. 3. "Ukraine."

Keesing's Record of World Events [Cambridge]. November 1994. Vol. 40, No. 11. "Ukraine."

Keesing's Record of World Events [Cambridge]. October 1994. Vol. 40, No. 10. "Ukraine."

Keesing's Record of World Events [Cambridge]. September 1994. Vol. 40, No. 9. "Ukraine."

Keesing's Record of World Events [Cambridge]. July-August 1994. Vol. 40, No. 7-8. "Ukraine."

Keesing's Record of World Events [Cambridge]. May 1994. Vol. 40, No. 5. "Ukraine."

Keesing's Record of World Events [Cambridge]. April 1994. Vol. 40, No. 4. "Ukraine."

Keesing's Record of World Events [Cambridge]. March 1994. Vol. 40, No. 3. "Ukraine."

Khazan, Lubov. 16 August 1994. Electronic mail message sent to the Union of Councils for Soviet Jews. (DIRB Country File: Ukraine)

Khazan, Lubov. 2 August 1994. Electronic mail message sent to the Union of Councils for Soviet Jews. (DIRB Country File: Ukraine)

Khazan, Lubov. 1 June 1994. Electronic mail message sent to the Union of Councils for Soviet Jews. (DIRB Country File: Ukraine)

Khazan, Lubov. 24 May 1994. Electronic mail message sent to the Union of Councils for Soviet Jews. (DIRB Country File: Ukraine)

Kievskiye Vedomosti [Kiev, in Russian]. 22 October 1994. Valeriya Bondarenko. "Western Donbass Miners Begin Strike." (FBIS-SOV-94-207 26 Oct. 1994, p. 34)

Kommersant-Daily [Moscow, in Russian]. 16 March 1995. Aelita Kochetkova. "Demidenko: Meshkov Behind Assassination Attempt." (FBIS-SOV-95-052 17 Mar. 1995, pp. 56-57)

Kommersant-Daily [Moscow, in Russian]. 5 November 1994. Aelita Kochetkova. "Journalists Receive Threats, a Beating in Crimea." (FBIS-SOV-94-215 7 Nov. 1994, p. 44)

Krasnaya Zvezda [Moscow, In Russian]. 10 November 1994. Vladimir Pasyakin. "Journalist Receives Threats, Beating, in Crimea." (FBIS-SOV-94-219 14 Nov. 1994, p. 37)

Krasnaya Zvezda [Moscow, In Russian]. 5 July 1994. Vladimir Pasyakin. "'Criminal Groupings' Seen Behind Spate of Crimea Killings." (FBIS-SOV-94-131 8 July 1994, pp. 47-48)

Krasnaya Zvezda [Moscow, In Russian]. 24 May 1994. Vladimir Pasyakin. "Crimean National Guard Forces 'Continuing to Grow'." (FBIS-SOV-94-100 24 May 1994, pp. 48-49)

Krymskaya Gazeta [Simferopol, in Russian]. 30 March 1995. "Crimean Justice Ministry on Citizenship." (FBIS-SOV-95-066 6 Apr. 1995, p. 58)

Krymskaya Gazeta [Simferopol, in Russian]. 14 March 1995. "Demidenko Conference on Bomb Blast." (FBIS-SOV-95-055 22 Mar. 1995, pp. 47-48)

Krymskaya Gazeta [Simferopol, in Russian]. 4 August 1994. "Election Report for 31 July." (FBIS-USR-94-087 11 Aug. 1994, p. 64)

Krymskaya Pravda [Simferopol, in Russian]. 22 April 1995. "Crimean Tatars Ask Repeal of Election Law." (FBIS-SOV-95-087-S 5 May 1995, pp. 30-31)

Krymskaya Pravda [Simferopol, in Russian]. 7 February 1995. "Committee Against Organized Crime Formed." (FBIS-SOV-95-027 9 Feb. 1995, p. 52)

Krymskaya Pravda [Simferopol, in Russian]. 29 December 1994. V. Danilov. "Second Republic Faction Deputy Attacked." (FBIS-SOV-95-004-S 6 Jan. 1995, p. 72)

Krymskaya Pravda [Simferopol, in Russian]. 27 December 1994. T. Ryabchikova. "Crimean Deputy Discusses 'Terrorist' Attack." (FBIS-SOV-95-004 6 Jan. 1995, pp. 24-25)

Krymskaya Pravda [Simferopol, in Russian]. 27 July 1994. "Most New Deputies Lack Party Affiliation." (FBIS-USR-94-083 2 Aug. 1994, p. 52)

Krymskaya Pravda [Simferopol, in Russian]. 26 July 1994. "Party Official Slain in Crimea." (FBIS-USR-94-083 2 Aug. 1994, p. 52)

Krymskaya Pravda [Simferopol, in Russian]. 23 July 1994. "Crimean Law on Dual Citizenship Adopted." (FBIS-USR-94-083 2 Aug. 1994, p. 55)

Krymskiye Izvestiya [Simferopol, in Russian]. 23 May 1995. "Crimea Government Views Budget, Passports." (FBIS-SOV-95-102 26 May 1995, pp. 50-51)

Krymskiye Izvestiya [Simferopol, in Russian]. 13 April 1995. Nadir Bekirov. "Law Accommodating Former Deported Citizens During Elections Viewed." (FBIS-SOV-95-077-S 21 Apr. 1995, p. 55)

Krymskiye Izvestiya [Simferopol, in Russian]. 4 April 1995. "Simferopol Pickets Protest Kiev Action." (FBIS-SOV-95-070 12 Apr. 1995, p. 57)

Krymskiye Izvestiya [Simferopol, in Russian]. 31 March 1995. "Crimea MVD Official on Amended Police Law." (FBIS-SOV-95-066 6 Apr. 1995, pp. 57-58)

Krymskiye Izvestiya [Simferopol, in Russian]. 24 January 1995. "Crimean Council Signs Appeal Over Citizenship." (FBIS-SOV-95-017 26 Jan. 1995, p. 60)

Krymskiye Izvestiya [Simferopol, in Russian]. 24 September 1994. N. Zubkova. "Ukrainian Parliament Decree on Crimea." (FBIS-SOV-94-188 28 Sept. 1994, pp. 45-46)

Libération [Paris]. 15-16 April 1995. "Crimée, attentat contre un journaliste."

Literaturnaya Gazeta [Moscow, in Russian]. 5 July 1995. "Tatyana Korobova. "Ethnic Tension Among Crimean Tatars Viewed." (FBIS-SOV-95-140-S 21 July 1995, pp. 68-72)

Marynovych, Myroslav. 4 May 1994. Electronic mail message sent to the Union of Councils for Soviet Jews. (DIRB Country File: Ukraine)

Mayak Radio [Moscow, in Russian]. 12 September 1994. "Situation 'Calm' in Crimea." (FBIS-SOV-94-176 12 Sept. 1994, pp. 55-56)

Molod Ukrayiny [Kiev, in Ukrainian]. 14 March 1995. "Ministry Announces Firearms Surrender Campaign." (FBIS-SOV-95-052 17 Mar. 1995, p. 52)

Molod Ukrayiny [Kiev, in Ukrainian]. 10 March 1995. "Ethnic Ukrainians Given Right to Dual Citizenship." (BBC Summary 15 Mar. 1995/NEXIS)

Molod Ukrayiny [Kiev, in Ukrainian]. 27 September 1994. Volodymyr Prytula. "Muslims See 'Bias' in Banning of Congress." (FBIS-SOV-94-189 29 Sept. 1994, p. 48)

Molod Ukrayiny [Kiev, in Ukrainian]. 9 September 1994. "Interior Ministry Vows to Catch 'Mafiosi'." (FBIS-SOV-94-178 14 Sept. 1994, p. 56)

Molod Ukrayiny [Kiev, in Ukrainian]. 26 July 1994. "Heads of Parties Protest Kuchma's Language Policy." (FBIS-SOV-94-145 28 July 1994, pp. 34-35)

Monitor [Washington, DC]. 24 August 1995. Vol. 1, No. 81. "Church Leaders Attack Ukrainian Government." (Internet mailing list: Jamestown Foundation)

Monitor [Washington, DC]. 23 August 1995. Vol. 1, No. 80. "Kuchma: No Deal on Black Sea Fleet Likely Before Russian Elections." (Internet mailing list: Jamestown Foundation)

Monitor [Washington, DC]. 18 July 1995. Vol. 1, No. 55. "Ukrainian Police Disrupt Religious Leader's Funeral." (Internet mailing list: Jamestown Foundation)

Monitor [Washington, DC]. 13 July 1995. Vol. 1, No. 51. "Russian Constitutional Court Asked to Rule Sevastopol a Russian City." (Internet mailing list: Jamestown Foundation)

Monitor [Washington, DC]. 7 July 1995. Vol. 1, No. 47. "Moderate Elected Speaker in Crimea." (Internet mailing list: Jamestown Foundation)

Monitor [Washington, DC]. 28 June 1995. Vol. 1, No. 41. "Ukrainians Protest Russian-Language Broadcasts." (Internet mailing list: Jamestown Foundation)

Monitor [Washington, DC]. 27 June 1995. Vol. 1, No. 40. "Violence in Crimea." (Internet mailing list: Jamestown Foundation)

Monitor [Washington, DC]. 12 June 1995. Vol. 1, No. 30. "A New Deal on the Black Sea Fleet." (Internet mailing list: Jamestown Foundation)

Monitor [Washington, DC]. 9 June 1995. Vol. 1, No. 29. "Kuchma Names New Premier." (Internet mailing list: Jamestown Foundation)

Monitor [Washington, DC]. 7 June 1995. Vol. 1, No. 27. "Ukrainian President, Parliament Reach Accord." (Internet mailing list: Jamestown Foundation)

Monitor [Washington, DC]. 19 May 1995. Vol. 1, No. 15. "Ukrainian Parliament Gives Kuchma New Powers." (Internet mailing list: Jamestown Foundation)

Monitor (UCSJ) [Washington, DC]. 19 December 1994. Vol. 5, No. 25. "Ukraine and Its Jews, Revisited."

News Watch [New York]. May 1995. No. 3-95. "Anti-Semitism Update: Ukraine."

News Watch [New York]. April 1995. No. 2-95. "Anti-Semitism Update: Ukraine."

News Watch [New York]. June-July 1994. No. 5-94. "Anti-Semitism Update: Ukraine."

News Watch [New York]. May 1994. No. 4-94. "Anti-Semitism Update: Ukraine."

Nezavisimaya Gazeta [Moscow, in Russian]. 9 November 1994. "'Ukrainization' of Armed Forces Slows." (FBIS-SOV-94-218 10 Nov. 1994, p. 38)

Nezavisimaya Gazeta [Moscow, in Russian]. 17 August 1994. "Crimea: Crimean Party Suspends Activity After Third Leader Killed." (BBC Summary 20 Aug. 1994/NEXIS)

Nezavisimaya Gazeta [Moscow, in Russian]. 7 May 1994. Oleg Panfilov. "Persecution of Journalists in Former USSR Detailed." (FBIS-USR-94-056 26 May 1994, pp. 1-2)

NTV [Moscow, in Russian]. 11 May 1995. "Republic Worried Over Unrest Among Crimean Tatars." (FBIS-SOV-95-093 15 May 1995, p. 54)

NTV [Moscow, in Russian]. 9 April 1994. "Meshkov Denies Reports of Assassination Attempt." (FBIS-SOV-94-069 11 Apr. 1994, p. 37)

Obshchaya Gazeta [Moscow, in Russian]. 9-15 March 1995. Grigoriy Spektor. "National Guard Changes Part of Power Struggle." (FBIS-SOV-95-048 13 Mar. 1995, pp. 51-52)

Open Media Research Institute (OMRI) Daily Digest [Prague]. 13 September 1995. Vol. 1, No. 178, Part 2. Chrystyna Lapychak. "Ukrainian Premier on Banned Radical Nationalist Group." (Internet mailing list: [email protected])

Open Media Research Institute (OMRI) Daily Digest [Prague]. 7 September 1995. Vol. 1, No. 174, Part 2. Chrystyna Lapychak. "Ukraine Bans Radical Nationalist Group." (Internet mailing list: [email protected])

Open Media Research Institute (OMRI) Daily Digest [Prague]. 24 August 1995. Vol. 1, No. 165, Part 2. Chrystyna Lapychak. "Ukrainian Orthodox Leaders and Nationalists Blast Government." (Internet mailing list: [email protected])

Open Media Research Institute (OMRI) Daily Digest [Prague]. 23 August 1995. Vol. 1, No. 164, Part 2. Ustina Markus. "Kuchma on Black Sea Fleet." (Internet mailing list: [email protected])

Open Media Research Institute (OMRI) Daily Digest [Prague]. 22 August 1995. Vol. 1, No. 163, Part 2. Chrystyna Lapychak. "Kuchma Rescinds Decree." (Internet mailing list: [email protected])

Open Media Research Institute (OMRI) Daily Digest [Prague]. 21 August 1995. Vol. 1, No. 162, Part 2. Doug Clarke. "Ukraine to Have Military Inspector-General." (Internet mailing list: [email protected])

Open Media Research Institute (OMRI) Daily Digest [Prague]. 18 August 1995. Vol. 1, No. 161, Part 2. Ustina Markus. "Ukrainian Ultra-Nationalists Break Up Court Hearing." (Internet mailing list: [email protected])

Open Media Research Institute (OMRI) Daily Digest [Prague]. 15 August 1995. Vol. 1, No. 158, Part 2. Chrystyna Lapychak. "Coal Miners' Strike Averted in Ukraine." (Internet mailing list: [email protected])

Open Media Research Institute (OMRI) Daily Digest [Prague]. 14 August 1995. Vol. 1, No. 157, Part 2. "Chrystyna Lapychak. "Ukrainian President Reinstates General Prosecutor." (Internet mailing list: [email protected])

Open Media Research Institute (OMRI) Daily Digest [Prague]. 4 August 1995. Vol. 1, No. 151, Part 2. Chrystyna Lapychak. "Crimean Lawmakers Overturn No-Confidence Vote." (Internet mailing list: [email protected])

Open Media Research Institute (OMRI) Daily Digest [Prague]. 26 July 1995. Vol. 1, No. 144, Part 2. Ustina Markus. "Ukraine to Set Up New Anti-Terrorist Unit." (Internet mailing list: [email protected])

Open Media Research Institute (OMRI) Daily Digest [Prague]. 19 July 1995. Vol. 1, No. 139, Part 2. Ustina Markus. "Police Beat Mourners at Ukrainian Patriarch's Funeral." (Internet mailing list: [email protected])

Open Media Research Institute (OMRI) Daily Digest [Prague]. 7 July 1995. Vol. 1, No. 131, Part 2. Ustina Markus. "Crimean Parliament Elects New Speaker." (Internet mailing list: [email protected])

Open Media Research Institute (OMRI) Daily Digest [Prague]. 5 July 1995. Vol. 1, No. 129, Part 2. Chrystyna Lapychak. "Ukrainian President Reshuffles Government." (Internet mailing list: [email protected])

Open Media Research Institute (OMRI) Daily Digest [Prague]. 29 June 1995. Vol. 1, No. 126, Part 2. Chrystyna Lapychak. "More on the Aftermath of Crimean Violence." (Internet mailing list: [email protected])

Open Media Research Institute (OMRI) Daily Digest [Prague]. 27 June 1995a. Vol. 1, No. 124, Part 2. Chrystyna Lapychak. "Crimean Tatars Clash with Criminal Gangs." (Internet mailing list: [email protected])

Open Media Research Institute (OMRI) Daily Digest [Prague]. 27 June 1995b. Vol. 1, No. 124, Part 2. Chrystyna Lapychak. "Cult Followers Claim Discrimination." (Internet mailing list: [email protected])

Open Media Research Institute (OMRI) Daily Digest [Prague]. 26 June 1995. Vol. 1, No. 123, Part 2. Chrystyna Lapychak. "Crimeans Vote in Local Elections." (Internet mailing list: [email protected])

Open Media Research Institute (OMRI) Daily Digest [Prague]. 22 June 1995. Vol. 1, No. 121, Part 2. Chrystyna Lapychak. "Ukrainian Parliament Dismisses Prosecutor-General." (Internet mailing list: [email protected])

Open Media Research Institute (OMRI) Daily Digest [Prague]. 8 June 1995. Vol. 1, No. 111, Part 2. Chrystyna Lapychak. "Ukrainian Parliament and President Reach Compromise on Political Reform Bill." (Internet mailing list: [email protected])

Open Media Research Institute (OMRI) Daily Digest [Prague]. 6 June 1995a. Vol. 1, No. 109, Part 2. Chrystyna Lapychak. "Economic Developments in Ukraine." (Internet mailing list: [email protected])

Open Media Research Institute (OMRI) Daily Digest [Prague]. 6 June 1995b. Vol. 1, No. 109, Part 2. Chrystyna Lapychak. "Ukrainian President Issues Another Decree on Referendum." (Internet mailing list: [email protected])

Open Media Research Institute (OMRI) Daily Digest [Prague]. 2 June 1995. Vol. 1, No. 107, Part 2. Chrystyna Lapychak. "Ukrainian Parliament Vetoes Kuchma's Plebiscite." (Internet mailing list: [email protected])

Open Media Research Institute (OMRI) Daily Digest [Prague]. 1 June 1995. Vol. 1, No. 106, Part 2. Chrystyna Lapychak. "Ukrainian President Calls Non-binding Plebiscite to Break Political Deadlock." (Internet mailing list: [email protected])

Open Media Research Institute (OMRI) Daily Digest [Prague]. 26 May 1995. Vol. 1, No. 102, Part 2. Chrystyna Lapychak. "Ukrainian Parliament Issues Ultimatum over Crimean Referendum." (Internet mailing list: [email protected])

Open Media Research Institute (OMRI) Daily Digest [Prague]. 19 May 1995a. Vol. 1, No. 97, Part 2. Chrystyna Lapychak. "Crimean Tatars Mark Deportation Anniversary by Demanding Greater Rights." (Internet mailing list: [email protected])

Open Media Research Institute (OMRI) Daily Digest [Prague]. 19 May 1995b. Vol. 1, No. 97, Part 2. Chrystyna Lapychak. "Ukrainian Parliament Passes Bill on Separation of Powers." (Internet mailing list: [email protected])

Open Media Research Institute (OMRI) Daily Digest [Prague]. 26 April 1995. Vol. 1, No. 82, Part 2. Chrystyna Lapychak. "Crimean Legislators Vote to Hold Regionwide Referendum." (Internet mailing list: [email protected])

Open Media Research Institute (OMRI) Daily Digest [Prague]. 6 April 1995. Vol. 1, No. 69, Part 2. Chrystyna Lapychak. "Ukrainian Democrats Demand Parliament Speaker's Resignation." (Internet mailing list: [email protected])

Open Media Research Institute (OMRI) Daily Digest [Prague]. 5 April 1995. Vol. 1, No. 68, Part 2. Chrystyna Lapychak. "Ukrainian Government Loses Confidence Vote." (Internet mailing list: [email protected])

Open Media Research Institute (OMRI) Daily Digest [Prague]. 3 April 1995. Vol. 1, No. 66, Part 2. Chrystyna Lapychak. "Ukrainian President Takes Direct Control of Crimean Government." (Internet mailing list: [email protected])

Open Media Research Institute (OMRI) Daily Digest [Prague]. 27 March 1995. Vol. 1, No. 61, Part 2. Chrystyna Lapychak. "Ukrainian Parliament Reschedules Crimean Elections." (Internet mailing list: [email protected])

Open Media Research Institute (OMRI) Daily Digest [Prague]. 14 March 1995. Vol. 1, No. 52, Part 2. Chrystyna Lapychak. "Ukrainian Communists Hold Second Congress." (Internet mailing list: [email protected])

Open Media Research Institute (OMRI) Daily Digest [Prague]. 3 March 1995. Vol. 1, No. 45, Part 2. Chrystyna Lapychak. "Crimean Parliament Speaker Resigns." (Internet mailing list: [email protected])

Open Media Research Institute (OMRI) Daily Digest [Prague]. 2 March 1995. Vol. 1, No. 44, Part 2. Chrystyna Lapychak. "Ukrainian Prime Minister Steps Down." (Internet mailing list: [email protected])

Open Media Research Institute (OMRI) Daily Digest [Prague]. 27 February 1995. Vol. 1, No. 41, Part 2. Chrystyna Lapychak. "Kuchma Annuls Crimean Presidential Decrees." (Internet mailing list: [email protected])

Open Media Research Institute (OMRI) Daily Digest [Prague]. 23 February 1995a. Vol. 1, No. 39, Part 2. Chrystyna Lapychak. "Leftist Forces Demand More Air Time on Ukrainian Television." (Internet mailing list: [email protected])

Open Media Research Institute (OMRI) Daily Digest [Prague]. 23 February 1995b. Vol. 1, No. 39, Part 2. Chrystyna Lapychak. "Ukraine Establishes News Security Agency to Fight Organized Crime." (Internet mailing list: [email protected])

Open Media Research Institute (OMRI) Daily Digest [Prague]. 9 February 1995. Vol. 1, No. 29, Part 1. Ustina Markus. "Russian-Ukrainian Friendship Treaty Initialed." (Internet mailing list: [email protected])

Open Media Research Institute (OMRI) Daily Digest [Prague]. 2 January 1995. Vol. 1, No. 1. Chrystyna Lapychak. "Special Commission to Hammer Out Differences in Ukrainian Constitutional Law." (Internet mailing list: [email protected])

Ostankino Television First Channel Network [Moscow, in Russian]. 6 October 1994. "Crimean Parliament Appoints Franchuk New Premier." (FBIS-SOV-94-195 7 Oct. 1994, p. 15)

Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty (RFE/RL) Daily Report [Munich]. 10 November 1994. No. 214. Ustina Markus. "Bolshevik Revolution Celebrations in Ukraine." (Internet mailing list: [email protected])

Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty (RFE/RL) Daily Report [Munich]. 3 November 1994. No. 209. Ustina Markus. "Russian Given Official Status in East Ukraine." (Internet mailing list: [email protected])

Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty (RFE/RL) Daily Report [Munich]. 6 October 1994. No. 190. Stan Markotich. "Crimean President Stripped of Powers." (Internet mailing list: [email protected])

Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty (RFE/RL) Daily Report [Munich]. 27 September 1994. No. 184. Ustina Markus. "Crimean Update." (Internet mailing list: [email protected])

Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty (RFE/RL) Daily Report [Munich]. 22 September 1994. No. 181. Jiri Pehe. "Ukraine Parliament Acts on Crimea." (Internet mailing list: [email protected])

Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty (RFE/RL) Daily Report [Munich]. 14 September 1994. No. 175. Jiri Pehe. "Crimean Crisis Continues." (Internet mailing list: [email protected])

Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty (RFE/RL) Daily Report [Munich]. 8 September 1994. No. 171. Ustina Markus. "Crimean Parliament Curbs Meshkov's Powers." (Internet mailing list: [email protected])

Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty (RFE/RL) Daily Report [Munich]. 6 September 1994. No. 169. Ustina Markus. "Crimean News." (Internet mailing list: [email protected])

Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty (RFE/RL) Daily Report [Munich]. 24 August 1994. No. 160. Ustina Markus. "Council Votes Sevastopol a Russian City." (Internet: [email protected])

Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty (RFE/RL) Daily Report [Munich]. 8 August 1994. No. 149. Ustina Markus. "Third Special Service Created in Ukraine." (Internet: [email protected])

Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty (RFE/RL) Daily Report [Munich]. 2 August 1994a. No. 145. Victor Yasmann. "Russian-Ukrainian Border Guard Agreement." (Internet: [email protected])

Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty (RFE/RL) Daily Report [Munich]. 22 July 1994a. No. 138. Ustina Markus. "Crimean Parliament Adopts Law on Dual Citizenship." (Internet: [email protected])

Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty (RFE/RL) Daily Report [Munich]. 22 July 1994b. No. 138. Ustina Markus. "RUKH Critical of Kuchma Over Language." (Internet: [email protected])

Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty (RFE/RL) Daily Report [Munich]. 3 June 1994. No. 104. Ustina Markus. "Meshkov Denied Additional Powers." (Internet: [email protected])

Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty (RFE/RL) Daily Report [Munich]. 24 May 1994. No. 97. Ustina Markus. "Crimean Parliament Passes Constitutional Agreement." (Internet: [email protected])

Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty (RFE/RL) Daily Report [Munich]. 12 April 1994. No. 69. Bohdan Nahaylo. "More on Ukrainian Election Results." (Internet: [email protected])

Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty (RFE/RL) Research Report [Munich]. 1 July 1994. Vol. 3, No. 26. Dominique Arel and Andrew Wilson. "The Ukrainian Parliamentary Elections."

Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty (RFE/RL) Research Report [Munich]. 10 June 1994. Vol. 3, No. 23. Ustina Markus. "Crimea Restores 1992 Constitution."

Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty (RFE/RL) Research Report [Munich]. 18 March 1994. Vol. 3, No. 11. Roman Solchanyk. "Crimea's Presidential Election."

Radio Rossii [Moscow, in Russian]. 17 March 1995. "Special Purpose Troops Surround Parliament." (FBIS-SOV-95-053 20 Mar. 1995, p. 42)

Radio Rossii [Moscow, in Russian]. 29 September 1994. "Supreme Soviet Restricts Presidential Powers." (FBIS-SOV-94-189 29 Sept. 1994, p. 45).

Radio Rossii [Moscow, in Russian]. 11 September 1994. "Deputies Enter TV Center, Urge Defiance." (FBIS-SOV-94-176 12 Sept. 1994, p. 55)

Radio Rossii [Moscow, in Russian]. 5 July 1994. "Donbass Miners' Strike Spreads." (FBIS-SOV-94-129 6 July 1994, p. 41)

Radio Ukraine World Service [Kiev, in Ukrainian]. 22 July 1995. "March Commemorates Late Patriarch." (FBIS-SOV-95-141 24 July 1995, p. 57)

Radio Ukraine World Service [Kiev, in Ukrainian]. 1 April 1995. "Edict Subordinating Crimean Cabinet to Kiev." (FBIS-SOV-95-063 3 Apr. 1995, p. 43)

Radio Ukraine World Service [Kiev, in Ukrainian]. 18 March 1995a. "Crimean Journalists Deny Troop Blockade." (FBIS-SOV-95-053 20 Mar. 1995, p. 46)

Radio Ukraine World Service [Kiev, in Ukrainian]. 18 March 1995b. "National Guard Denies Meshkov Home, TV Blockade." (FBIS-SOV-95-053 20 Mar. 1995, p. 48)

Radio Ukraine World Service [Kiev, in Ukrainian]. 2 March 1995. "Trial of 'White Brotherhood' Sect Underway." (FBIS-SOV-95-042 3 Mar. 1995, p. 57)

Radio Ukraine World Service [Kiev, in Ukrainian]. 12 January 1995. "Donetsk Council Reinstates Russian as Official Language." (FBIS-SOV-95-009 13 Jan. 1995, p. 46)

Radio Ukraine World Service [Kiev, in Ukrainian]. 15 December 1994. "Oblast Rally Demands Higher Living Standards." (FBIS-SOV-94-242 16 Dec. 1994, p. 40)

Radio Ukraine World Service [Kiev, in Ukrainian]. 15 October 1994. "Internal Affairs; Parliament Amends Law on Citizenship." (BBC Summary 18 Oct. 1994/NEXIS)

Radio Ukraine World Service [Kiev, in Ukrainian]. 7 September 1994. "Interior Ministry Says Mafia Threatens State." (FBIS-SOV-94-174 8 Sept. 1994, p. 41)

Radio Ukraine World Service [Kiev, in Ukrainian]. 26 August 1994. "Crimean Communists Rally; Urge Government Resignation." (FBIS-SOV-94-167 29 Aug. 1994, p. 45)

Radio Ukraine World Service [Kiev, in Ukrainian]. 12 August 1994. "Statement Clarifies Agreement on Border Patrolling." (FBIS-SOV-94-156 12 Aug. 1994, pp. 26-27)

Radio Ukraine World Service [Kiev, in Ukrainian]. 16 June 1994. "Masol Elected Prime Minister at Parliament Session." (FBIS-SOV-94-116 16 June 1994, p. 44)

Reuters. 9 June 1995. BC Cycle. Timothy Heritage. "Russia and Ukraine End Row Over Black Sea Fleet." (NEXIS)

Reuters. 18 May 1995. BC Cycle. "Crimean Tatars Renew Calls for Statehood." (NEXIS)

Reuters. 3 April 1995. BC Cycle. Alyona Pritula. "Crimea Makes Moderate Appeal to Avoid Ukraine Clash." (NEXIS)

Reuters. 1 April 1995. BC Cycle. Yuri Kulikov. "Ukraine Presses on to Crush Crimea Separatism." (NEXIS)

Reuters. 17 March 1995. BC Cycle. "Bomb Threats Disrupt Jewish Festival in Ukraine." (NEXIS)

Reuters. 2 March 1995. BC Cycle. "Two Detained in Ukraine Baby Smuggling Ring." (NEXIS)

Reuters. 27 November 1994. BC Cycle. "Ukrainian Teachers March in Protest at Low Pay." (NEXIS)

Reuters. 21 November 1994. BC Cycle. "Low Turnout Mars Ukrainian Weekend By-Elections." (NEXIS)

Reuters. 14 November 1994. BC Cycle. Robin Marks. "Ukraine's Women Face Taboos in Family Planning." (NEXIS)

Reuters. 31 March 1994. BC Cycle. "Ukraine Warns Jewish Group on Mass Departure." (NEXIS)

Russia and the Successor States Briefing Service (RSSBS) [London]. December 1994. Vol. 2, No. 6. "Ukraine."

Russia and the Successor States Briefing Service (RSSBS) [London]. August 1994. Vol. 2, No. 4. "Ukraine."

Russian Press Digest. 28 January 1995. Viktor Yadukha. "Leonid Kuchma Is Against Dual Citizenship." (NEXIS)

Russian Press Digest. 18 November 1994. "Kiev Gives up for Lost Crimea's Independence." (NEXIS)

Russian Press Digest. 10 August 1994. Svetlana Sukhova. "Ukrainian President Delivers Preventive Strike." (NEXIS)

Russian Public Television [Moscow, in Russian]. 25 June 1995. "Crimean Local Elections Proceed Amid Tatar Boycott." (FBIS-SOV-95-122 26 June 1995, pp. 66-67)

Russian Television [Moscow, in Russian]. 11 September 1994. "Meshkov on Plot to Undermine Crimean Statehood." (FBIS-SOV-94-176 12 Sept. 1994, p. 47)

Segodnya [Moscow, in Russian]. 17 May 1995. Oleg Frolov. "Crimean Tatars Form Self-Defense Units." (FBIS-SOV-95-102 26 May 1995, pp. 49-50)

Segodnya [Moscow, in Russian]. 16 November 1994. "Military Officers Resign, Want Russian Pensions." (FBIS-SOV-94-221 16 Nov. 1994, p. 33)

Segodnya [Moscow, in Russian]. 20 May 1994. Viktor Yadukha. "Special Forces Planning Assault on Crimea." (FBIS-SOV-94-098 20 May 1994, pp. 48-49)

Sheiman, Mikhail. 12 June 1994. "Chronology of Events Surrounding Kremenchug Synagogue Arson" (Monitor (UCSJ) [Washington, DC]. 5 Dec. 1994. Vol. 5, No. 24)

Silske Zhytta [Kiev, in Ukrainian]. 23 March 1995. Anatoliy Smetanin. "National Guard Edict Said Caused by Generals' Plea." (FBIS-SOV-95-061 30 Mar. 1995, pp. 49-50)

Telegraph Agency of the Soviet Union (TASS). 3 March 1995. Larisa Kozik. "Passports to be Exchanged in Ukraine." (NEXIS)

Telegraph Agency of the Soviet Union (TASS). 4 February 1995. Sergei Aprelev. "Dniester Residents Allowed to Acquire Ukrainian Citizenship." (NEXIS)

Telegraph Agency of the Soviet Union (TASS). 19 January 1995. Lev Ryabchikov. "Crimean MPs Thank Russia for Offered Double Citizenship." (NEXIS)

Telegraph Agency of the Soviet Union (TASS). 10 November 1994. Viktor Demidenko and Mikhail Melnik. "Thousands Protest Price Hikes in Ukraine." (NEXIS)

Ukrainian Radio [Kiev, in Ukrainian]. 2 April 1994. "Kravchuk Decree Reported to Revoke Crimean President's One on Military Service." (BBC Summary 5 Apr. 1994/NEXIS)

The Ukrainian Review [London]. Autumn 1994. Vol. 41, No. 3. "Some Significant Media Incidents of the Past Year."

The Ukrainian Review [London]. Summer 1994. Vol. 41, No. 2 "News from Ukraine."

Ukrainian Television [Kiev, in Ukrainian]. 18 August 1994. "Internal Affairs; Amnesty on Third Anniversary of Ukraine's Independence." (BBC Summary 20 Aug. 1994/NEXIS)

The Ukrainian Weekly [Jersey City, NJ]. 8 January 1995. "Ukrainian National Assembly Now Party."

The Ukrainian Weekly [Jersey City, NJ]. 11 December 1994. Marta Kolomayets. "Parliament Votes to Postpone Further Elections for One Year."

The Ukrainian Weekly [Jersey City, NJ]. 27 November 1994a. Marta Kolomayets. "Constitutional Committee is Created."

The Ukrainian Weekly [Jersey City, NJ]. 27 November 1994b. Marta Kolomayets. "Ten New Deputies Are Elected in Yet Another Round of Voting."

The Ukrainian Weekly [Jersey City, NJ]. 13 November 1994. Marta Kolomayets. "CPU Ban Retained by Parliament."

The Ukrainian Weekly [Jersey City, NJ]. 9 October 1994. "Newsbriefs: Deputy's Wife Murdered in Attack."

The Ukrainian Weekly [Jersey City, NJ]. 4 September 1994. "City Council Votes to Make Sevastopil Russian City."

The Ukrainian Weekly [Jersey City, NJ]. 21 August 1994. "Newsbriefs: Nationalist Group Has New Leader."

The Ukrainian Weekly [Jersey City, NJ]. 14 August 1994. Marta Kolomayets. "27 More Deputies Elected to Occupy Parliament Seats."

The Ukrainian Weekly [Jersey City, NJ]. 31 July 1994. Marta Kolomayets. "Repeat Elections Succeed in Filling Only 20 Parliament Seats out of 112."

The Ukrainian Weekly [Jersey City, NJ]. 5 June 1994. "Newsbriefs: People's Deputy Shot in Kyyiv."

Ukrayinske Radio First Program Network [Kiev, in Ukrainian]. 19 May 1994. "Cabinet Establishes Border Zone, Sets Restrictions." (FBIS-SOV-94-098 20 May 1994, p. 51)

Ukrinform [Kiev, in English]. 12 May 1995. "Tatars Picket Prosecutor's Office." (FBIS-SOV-95-092 12 May 1995, p. 70)

Ukrinform [Kiev, in English]. 30 March 1995. "Russian Consular Group Leaves Simferopol." (FBIS-SOV-95-061 30 Mar. 1995, p. 42)

Ukrinform [Kiev, in English]. 6 March 1995. "Crime Increase Said Reason for Introducing New Passports." (FBIS-SOV-95-043 6 Mar. 1995, p. 67)

UNIAN [Kiev, in Ukrainian]. 17 July 1995. "Arrest of Crimean Republican Deputy 'Political Pressure'." (FBIS-SOV-95-137 18 July 1995, pp. 69-70)

UNIAN [Kiev, in Ukrainian]. 12 July 1995. "Crimean Adviser Arrested for Insulting Kuchma." (FBIS-SOV-95-134 13 July 1995, p. 61)

UNIAN [Kiev, in Ukrainian]. 22 June 1995. "Protection of Russian Border to be Reinforced." (FBIS-SOV-95-121 23 June 1995, p. 58)

UNIAN [Kiev, in Ukrainian]. 24 March 1995. "Ukrainian Parliament Postpones Crimean Elections." (FBIS-SOV-95-058 27 Mar. 1995, p. 48)

UNIAN [Kiev, in Ukrainian]. 9 March 1995. "Tsekov Re-Elected Crimean Parliament Chairman." (FBIS-SOV-95-047 10 Mar. 1995, p. 67)

UNIAN [Kiev, in Ukrainian]. 8 February 1995. "Friendship Treaty Initialed." (FBIS-SOV-95-027 9 Feb. 1995, p. 46)

UNIAN [Kiev, in Ukrainian]. 29 December 1994. "UNA-UNSO Registers as Official Party." (FBIS-SOV-94-251 30 Dec. 1994, pp. 18-19)

UNIAN [Kiev, in Ukrainian]. 7 November 1994. "Thousands Participate in Kiev 'Mournful' March." (FBIS-SOV-94-216 8 Nov. 1994, p. 40)

UNIAN [Kiev, in Ukrainian]. 27 October 1994. "Lugansk Oblast Makes Russian Official Language." (FBIS-SOV-94-209 28 Oct. 1994, p. 23)

UNIAN [Kiev, in Ukrainian]. 4 October 1994. "Stabbing Called Mafia Vendetta." (FBIS-SOV-94-193 5 Oct. 1994, p. 19)

UNIAN [Kiev, in Ukrainian]. 30 September 1994. "Crimean Parliament Intends to Form Government." (FBIS-SOV-94-191 3 Oct. 1994, pp. 34-35)

UNIAN [Kiev, in Ukrainian]. 29 September 1994. "Deputies Comment on Law 'On Government'." (FBIS-SOV-94-190 30 Sept. 1994, p. 49)

UNIAN [Kiev, in Ukrainian]. 12 September 1994. "Militia Units Called in to Maintain Order." (FBIS-SOV-94-176 12 Sept. 1994, p. 57)

UNIAN [Kiev, in Ukrainian]. 7 September 1994. "Rally Demands Crimea Government's Resignation." (FBIS-SOV-94-174 8 Sept. 1994, p. 42)

UNIAN [Kiev, in Ukrainian]. 29 August 1994. "Crimean Parliament Disbands President's Security Service." (FBIS-SOV-94-168 30 Aug. 1994, p. 37)

UNIAN [Kiev, in Ukrainian]. 26 August 1994. "Calls Sevastopol Action 'Unlawful'." (FBIS-SOV-94-167 29 Aug. 1994, p. 44)

UNIAN [Kiev, in Ukrainian]. 15 August 1994. "Human Rights Organization Officially Registered." (FBIS-SOV-94-157 15 Aug. 1994, p. 40)

UNIAN [Kiev, in Ukrainian]. 22 July 1994. "Party Leader Shot Dead in Simferopol." (BBC Summary 25 July 1994/NEXIS)

UNIAN [Kiev, in Ukrainian]. 29 June 1994. "Mine Strikes Seen Directed Against Kravchuk." (FBIS-SOV-94-126 30 June 1994, pp. 40-41)

UNIAN [Kiev, in Ukrainian]. 17 June 1994. "Attempt Made on Life of People's Deputy Candidate." (FBIS-SOV-94-118 20 June 1994, p. 51)

UNIAN [Kiev, in Ukrainian]. 2 June 1994. "CSCE High Commissioner for Minorities Meets Crimean Tatars." (FBIS-SOV-94-107 3 June 1994, p. 45)

UNIAN [Kiev, in Ukrainian]. 30 May 1994. "People's Deputy Wounded in Armed Attack." (FBIS-SOV-94-104 31 May 1994, p. 66)

UNIAR [Kiev, in Ukrainian]. 22 June 1995. "Rally in Sevastopol Demands Resignation of President Kuchma." (BBC Summary 24 June 1995/NEXIS)

UNIAR [Kiev, in Ukrainian]. 2 May 1995. "Trade Unions Hold Anti-Ukrainian Rally in Nikolayev." (FBIS-SOV-95-085 3 May 1995, p. 55)

UNIAR [Kiev, in Ukrainian]. 18 March 1995. "Pro-USSR Rally Demands Kuchma Resignation." (FBIS-SOV-95-053 20 Mar. 1995, p. 44)

UNIAR [Kiev, in Ukrainian]. 28 December 1994. "Parliament Passes Kuchma's Draft Law on Power in its First Reading." (BBC Summary 31 Dec. 1994/NEXIS)

UNIAR [Kiev, in Ukrainian]. 4 October 1994. "Parliament Deputy Stabbed, Wife Killed." (FBIS-SOV-94-193 5 Oct. 1994, p. 19)

UNIAR [Kiev, in Ukrainian]. 1 October 1994. "Deputies Hold Anti-Kuchma, IMF Rally." (FBIS-SOV-94-191 3 Oct. 1994, p. 34)

UNIAR [Kiev, in Ukrainian]. 18 June 1994. "Nationalists Hold Anticommunist Rally in Kiev." (BBC Summary 20 June 1994/NEXIS)

UNIAR [Kiev, in Ukrainian]. 7 May 1994. "CSCE Minorities Commissioner Holds News Conference." (FBIS-SOV-94-089 9 May 1994, p. 46)

UNIAR [Kiev, in Ukrainian]. 6 May 1994. "Rukh Groups Demand End to 'Political Terror'." (FBIS-SOV-94-089 9 May 1994, p. 55)

UNIAR [Kiev, in Ukrainian]. 18 April 1994. "Rally Calls for Russian Jurisdiction Over Crimea." (FBIS-SOV-94-075 19 Apr. 1994, p. 55)

UNIAR [Kiev, in Ukrainian]. 11 April 1994. "Russian Report of Odessa Incident 'Provocation'." (FBIS-SOV-94-070 12 Apr. 1994, p. 29)

The United Press International (UPI). 18 May 1994. BC Cycle. Roma Ihnatowycz. "Socialist Elected Speaker of Ukrainian Parliament." (NEXIS)

Uryadovyy Kuryer [Kiev, in Ukrainian]. 25 February 1995. "Kuchma Overturns Meshkov Edicts." (FBIS-SOV-95-061-S, 30 Mar. 1995, pp. 47-48)

Uryadovyy Kuryer [Kiev, in Ukrainian]. 20 October 1994. "Ministry Launches Firearms Surrender Campaign." (FBIS-SOV-94-207 26 Oct. 1994, pp. 34-35)

Uryadovyy Kuryer [Kiev, in Ukrainian]. 16 July 1994. "Official Outlines New Border Regulations." (FBIS-SOV-94-142 25 July 1994, pp. 45-47)

UT-1 Television Network [Kiev, in Ukrainian]. 16 September 1994. "Preventative Detention of Criminals Begins." (FBIS-SOV-94-181 19 Sept. 1994, p. 47)

UT-1 Television Network [Kiev, in Ukrainian]. 8 August 1994a. "Edict on Managing Local Councils." (FBIS-SOV-94-153 9 Aug. 1994, p. 31)

UT-1 Television Network [Kiev, in Ukrainian]. 8 August 1994b. "Edict on Strengthening Executive Bodies." (FBIS-SOV-94-153 9 Aug. 1994, pp. 30-31)

UT-1 Television Network [Kiev, in Ukrainian]. 21 July 1994. "Crime Decree Issued." (FBIS-SOV-94-141 22 July 1994, pp. 29-30)

Vecherniy Donetsk [Donetsk, in Russian]. 1 November 1994. "MVD Official on Firearms Control Measures." (FBIS-USR-94-120 7 Nov. 1994, p. 76)

Vecherniy Kyiv [Kiev, in Ukrainian]. 21 June 1995. "Police 'Check' Chechens Living in Kiev." (FBIS-SOV-95-121 23 June 1995, p. 61)

Voice of Israel External Service [Jerusalem, in English]. 11 March 1995. "Jewish Agency Emissary in Kiev Killed." (BBC Summary 13 Mar. 1995/NEXIS)

Vseukrainsksiye Vedomosti [Kiev, in Russian]. 7 June 1994. Vladimir Gavrosh. "Crimean Christian Liberal Party Organized." (FBIS-USR-94-078 21 July 1994, pp. 86-87)

Vysokyy Zamok [Lviv, in Ukrainian]. 24 September 1994. "Split, Confrontation Within UNA-UNSO Noted." (FBIS-SOV-94-189 29 Sept. 1994, pp. 48-49)

The Washington Post. 18 March 1995. Final Edition. James Rupert. "Striking at Separatists, Ukraine Abolishes Crimea's Charter, Presidency." (NEXIS)

The Washington Post. 16 March 1995. Final Edition. James Rupert. "Ukraine's Kuchma Gains in Nationalistic Region; Despite Hard Winter, People Back Reforms." (NEXIS)

Women's International Exchange (WEP) International Newsbulletin [Rotterdam]. Spring 1995. No. 14. "Birth Control Centre Without Contraceptives."

Za Vilnu Ukrayinu [Lviv, in Ukrainian]. 27 April 1995. Roman Durbak. "UNA Prepares for 'Almost Inevitable' War." (FBIS-SOV-95-088 8 May 1995, pp. 55-56)