2015 prison census - Egypt: Alaa Abdelfattah

Abdelfattah, a prominent blogger and activist who has written about politics and human rights violations for numerous outlets, including the independent al-Shorouk newspaper and the progressive Mada Masr news website, is serving a five-year prison sentence for organizing an illegal protest and assaulting a police officer, according to reports. Abdelfattah denies the charges.

In late 2015, the blogger was standing trial in a separate case on charges of "insulting the judiciary" on the Internet and in media appearances. The blogger's writing and social media posts were part of the evidence presented by the prosecution, his family and lawyers told CPJ. Co-defendants in this case include former Muslim Brotherhood President Mohamed Morsi and a number of journalists and politicians.

Abdelfattah's current sentence is based on charges that he organized a protest on November 26, 2013. The day after the protest an arrest warrant for him was issued and on November 27, 2013, armed agents raided Abdelfattah's Cairo home and took him away for questioning, his family said. Abdelfattah's family, lawyers, and several human rights organizations told CPJ they believe the blogger was charged at least partly in retaliation for his writing about alleged human rights abuses by the police and security forces.

Abdelfattah was held in pretrial detention until the trial began on December 4, 2013, and continued to be detained until he was granted bail in March 2014, according to news reports.

On June 11, 2014 Abdelfattah was barred from entering the courtroom when a judge sentenced him in absentia to 15 years in jail, according to reports. The blogger was then taken into custody from outside the courtroom, according to his family and news reports. Under Egyptian law, cases that conclude with a sentence issued in absentia are referred automatically to retrial.

In September 2014, Abdelfattah was released pending the retrial. When the retrial began in October 2014, he was taken back into custody, according to news reports.

Abdelfattah's sister Mona Seif was among several witnesses who testified in court that the journalist was not among the organizers of the protest. Seif said that she and other members of the No Military Trials group had claimed responsibility for organizing the protest, according to news reports. Defense lawyers submitted cell phone records proving Abdelfattah was not at the site of the protest at the same time as the police officer he was accused of assaulting, the family told CPJ.

The prosecution submitted as evidence tweets and quotes from Abdelfattah's writing in which he was critical of the judiciary and security forces, his family and lawyers told CPJ. State media broadcast tweets and excerpts of Abdelfattah's articles and Facebook posts, branding them proof of his anti-state beliefs, according to news reports.

Abdelfattah had been detained previously for his writing. In October 2011, the blogger was arrested after writing about the Maspero massacre, in which 26 protesters, mostly Coptic Christians, died when the military ran over demonstrators with tanks. This was the first time reports and footage circulated widely online of deadly violence against civilians by the Egyptian military, which was ruling the country at the time. State media and the military government accused the protesters of attacking security forces, and described the bloodshed as sectarian violence between Christians and Muslims.

Abdelfattah was being held in Cairo's Tora prison where he is periodically denied access to books, pens, and paper. Close relatives are able to visit him, according to the family.

CPJ did not include Abdelfattah in its 2014 census because it could not determine whether his arrest was linked to his reporting. Evidence provided to CPJ in 2015, including details of his trial and sentencing, led CPJ to reconsider his case.