Canada

• Case Law 657

• Abduction 2
• Acts contrary to the purposes and principles of the United Nations 4
• Acts of persecution 1
• Administrative courts 1
• Agents of persecution 2
• Ahmadis 2
• Albanians 1
• Alevis 1
• Amish 1
• Appeal / Right to appeal 3
• Arbitrary arrest and detention 20
• Armed forces / Military 11
• Armed groups / Militias / Paramilitary forces / Resistance movements 2
• Arrival 1
• Assyrians 2
• Asylum-seekers 4
• Benefit of the doubt 2
• Burden of proof 26
• Catholic 3
• Cessation clauses 2
• Changes of circumstances in home country 5
• Chechen 1
• Child prostitution 1
• Children's rights 4
• Children-at-risk 10
• Chinese 1
• Christian 18
• Combatants / Former combatants 5
• Complementary forms of protection 12
• Constitutional law 2
• Convention against Torture (CAT) 2
• Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) 5
• Convention refugee 23
• Corruption 2
• Country of origin information (COI) 21
• Credibility assessment 65
• Crimes against humanity 65
• Crimes against peace 2
• Criminal justice 39
• Cumulative grounds of persecution 4
• Death penalty 6
• Death squads 1
• Democracy 1
• Deportation / Forcible return 100
• Diplomatic assurances 4
• Discrimination based on race, nationality, ethnicity 4
• Domestic violence 23
• Drug trafficking 13
• Effective protection 15
• Effective remedy 4
• Equality before the law 2
• Evangelical 2
• Evidence (including age and language assessments / medico-legal reports) 70
• Exclusion clauses 56
• Expulsion 4
• Extended definition 1
• Extreme poverty 1
• False documents 1
• Falun Gong 3
• Family reunification 2
• Female genital mutilation (FGM) 3
• Forced labour 1
• Forced marriage 3
• Freedom from torture, inhuman and degrading treatment 56
• Freedom of conscience 3
• Freedom of expression 14
• Freedom of religion 3
• Freedom of speech 14
• Gender discrimination 1
• Gender-based persecution 14
• Genocide 1
• Good governance 1
• Grounds for persecution 9
• HIV and AIDS 3
• Honour killings 1
• Human rights and fundamental freedoms 1
• Immigration Detention 7
• Inclusion clauses 2
• Independence of judiciary 1
• Internal armed conflict 5
• Internal flight alternative (IFA) / Internal relocation alternative (IRA) / Internal protection alternative (IPA) 26
• International armed conflict 1
• International criminal law 2
• International humanitarian law (IHL) / Geneva Conventions 12
• International protection 3
• Jew 2
• Jurisdiction 3
• Juvenile justice system 1
• Kurd 3
• Legal representation / Legal aid 1
• Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex (LGBTI) 19
• Mental health 6
• Military service / Conscientious objection / Desertion / Draft evasion / Forced conscription 32
• Mormon 2
• Muslim 3
• National security / Public order 11
• Naturalization 2
• Non-refoulement 4
• Non-state agents of persecution 40
• Opposition 7
• Oromo 1
• Palestinian 6
• Passports 1
• Pentecostal 2
• Persecution based on nationality 10
• Persecution based on political opinion 108
• Persecution of family members 11
• Persecution on the basis of sexual orientation or gender identity 10
• Police 5
• Political parties 9
• Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) 2
• Pre-entry procedures 1
• Pre-trial detention 2
• Prison or detention conditions 7
• Proof of nationality 2
• Prosecution vs persecution 19
• Public health 12
• Racial / Ethnic persecution 23
• Refoulement 1
• Refugee / Asylum law 3
• Refugee camps 1
• Refugee law 1
• Refugees 13
• Refugees sur place 1
• Rejected asylum-seekers 12
• Religious discrimination 3
• Religious persecution (including forced conversion) 33
• Residence permits / Residency 8
• Right to employment 1
• Right to family life 4
• Right to food 1
• Right to justice 5
• Right to liberty and security 4
• Right to life 7
• Right to return 1
• Roma 6
• Rule of law / Due process / Procedural fairness 39
• SGBV 23
• Safe third country 17
• Saharawis 1
• Security forces 2
• Security situation 3
• Serious non-political crime 18
• Sexual and reproductive rights 2
• Shia 2
• Single procedure 2
• Smuggling of persons 1
• Social group discrimination 1
• Social group persecution 49
• Standard of proof 12
• State protection 70
• Stateless persons 3
• Statelessness 2
• Sur place persecution 9
• Tamil 24
• Terrorism 30
• Tibetan 3
• Torture 1
• Trafficking in persons 3
• Travel documents 1
• Treaties / Agreements / Charters / Protocols / Conventions / Declarations 4
• Tutsis 5
• Unaccompanied / Separated children 2
• Unlawful departure 3
• Visas 6
• War crimes 7
• Well-founded fear of persecution 39
• Witnesses 6
• Women's rights 2
• Women-at-risk 10

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• AlertNet - Canada
• Amnesty International - Canada
• CERIS - The Ontario Metropolis Centre
• Canadian Council for Refugees
• Canadian HIV/AIDS Legal Network
• Canadian HIV/AIDS Legal Network - Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity
• Canadian Research Institute for the Advancement of Women (CRIAW)
• Canadian Voice of Women for Peace (VOW)
• Centre for International Governance Innovation (CIGI)
• Citizenship and Immigration Canada
• Council of Europe, Venice Commission: Constitutional Courts (Links)
• Equitas, International Centre for Human Rights Education
• Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) - Canada
• Human Rights Watch (HRW) - Canada
• Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada (IRB)
• International Committee of the Red Cross - The ICRC in North America
• Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) - Canada
• Office of the Commissioner for Federal Judicial Affairs Canada
• Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) - Canada
• ReliefWeb - Canada
• Rights & Democracy
• School of Peace and Conflict Management, Royal Roads University
• UNHCR - Canada
• United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) - Canada
• United States Department of State - Canada
• Winnipeg Refugee Education Network (WREN)
• World Health Organization (WHO) - Canada