Canada

• Canada: Court of Appeal for Ontario 2
• Canada: Courts of Appeal 2
• Canada: Federal Court 657
• Canada: Federal Court of Appeal 90
• Canada: Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada 96
• Canada: Provincial / Territorial Superior Courts 1
• Canada: Supreme Court 45
• Canada: Supreme Court of British Columbia 1
• Council of Europe: European Court of Human Rights 1
• Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (IACHR) 5
• New Zealand: Refugee Status Appeals Authority 1
• UN Commission on Human Rights 1
• UN Committee Against Torture (CAT) 24
• UN Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) 2
• UN Human Rights Committee (HRC) 23
• United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit 1
• United States District Courts 1
• United States Supreme Court 1

• Abduction 3
• Access to procedures 3
• Acts contrary to the purposes and principles of the United Nations 6
• Acts of persecution 2
• Administrative courts 5
• Agents of persecution 3
• Ahmadis 2
• Albanians 1
• Alevis 1
• Amish 1
• Appeal / Right to appeal 14
• Arbitrary arrest and detention 27
• Armed forces / Military 15
• Armed groups / Militias / Paramilitary forces / Resistance movements 2
• Arrival 1
• Assyrians 2
• Asylum policy 3
• Asylum-migration nexus 1
• Asylum-seekers 7
• Benefit of the doubt 2
• Burden of proof 35
• Catholic 3
• Cessation clauses 5
• Changes of circumstances in home country 16
• Chechen 1
• Child prostitution 1
• Children's rights 15
• Children-at-risk 29
• Chinese 1
• Christian 20
• Combatants / Former combatants 7
• Complementary forms of protection 31
• Constitutional law 5
• Convention against Torture (CAT) 5
• Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) 3
• Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) 5
• Convention refugee 60
• Corruption 6
• Country of origin information (COI) 33
• Credibility assessment 84
• Crimes against humanity 77
• Crimes against peace 2
• Criminal justice 71
• Croats 2
• Cumulative grounds of persecution 6
• Death penalty 13
• Death squads 2
• Decision on admissibility 5
• Democracy 1
• Denial of refugee status 3
• Deportation / Forcible return 180
• Diplomatic assurances 4
• Disabled persons 4
• Discrimination based on race, nationality, ethnicity 6
• Domestic violence 33
• Drug trafficking 25
• Economic, social and cultural rights 2
• Effective protection 24
• Effective remedy 10
• Elderly 1
• Equality before the law 5
• Evangelical 2
• Evidence (including age and language assessments / medico-legal reports) 97
• Exclusion clauses 86
• Exhaustion of domestic remedies 7
• Expulsion 26
• Extended definition 1
• Extradition 8
• Extreme poverty 1
• False documents 1
• Falun Gong 4
• Family law 1
• Family reunification 8
• Female genital mutilation (FGM) 5
• Forced labour 1
• Forced marriage 3
• Freedom from torture, inhuman and degrading treatment 95
• Freedom of assembly and association 1
• Freedom of conscience 3
• Freedom of expression 28
• Freedom of movement 2
• Freedom of religion 7
• Freedom of speech 26
• Gang related violence 2
• Gender discrimination 1
• Gender-based persecution 17
• Generalized violence 1
• Genocide 3
• Good governance 1
• Grounds for persecution 15
• HIV and AIDS 3
• Habeas corpus 1
• Hindu 1
• Honour killings 1
• Housing, land and property rights (HLP) 1
• Human rights activists 1
• Human rights and fundamental freedoms 10
• Hutus 2
• Illegal entry 4
• Immigration Detention 13
• Immigration law 1
• Inclusion clauses 2
• Independence of judiciary 9
• Indigenous persons 1
• Internal armed conflict 6
• Internal flight alternative (IFA) / Internal relocation alternative (IRA) / Internal protection alternative (IPA) 34
• International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) 1
• International armed conflict 4
• International criminal law 2
• International humanitarian law (IHL) / Geneva Conventions 14
• International protection 3
• Involuntary repatriation 1
• Jew 2
• Jurisdiction 8
• Juvenile justice system 2
• Karen 2
• Kurd 5
• Legal representation / Legal aid 11
• Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex (LGBTI) 29
• Manifestly unfounded / Clearly abusive claims 2
• Mental health 7
• Military courts 1
• Military law 2
• Military service / Conscientious objection / Desertion / Draft evasion / Forced conscription 47
• Minorities 3
• Minority rights 1
• Mormon 2
• Multiple nationality 4
• Muslim 3
• National security / Public order 13
• Naturalization 2
• Non-refoulement 30
• Non-state agents of persecution 62
• Opposition 7
• Oromo 1
• Palestinian 6
• Passports 1
• Pentecostal 2
• Persecution based on nationality 13
• Persecution based on political opinion 139
• Persecution of family members 11
• Persecution on the basis of sexual orientation or gender identity 19
• Persons not in need of international protection 4
• Police 8
• Political asylum 4
• Political groups 1
• Political parties 9
• Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) 5
• Pre-entry procedures 1
• Pre-trial detention 3
• Prison or detention conditions 9
• Proof of nationality 2
• Prosecution vs persecution 30
• Public health 22
• Punjabis 1
• Racial / Ethnic persecution 39
• Refoulement 31
• Refugee / Asylum law 5
• Refugee camps 1
• Refugee law 2
• Refugee status determination (RSD) / Asylum procedures 5
• Refugees 16
• Refugees sur place 1
• Rejected asylum-seekers 20
• Religious discrimination 3
• Religious persecution (including forced conversion) 38
• Resettlement 2
• Residence permits / Residency 13
• Right to education 4
• Right to employment 5
• Right to family life 8
• Right to food 1
• Right to health 1
• Right to justice 14
• Right to liberty and security 20
• Right to life 22
• Right to return 1
• Right to seek asylum 1
• Right to self-determination 1
• Roma 12
• Rule of law / Due process / Procedural fairness 60
• Russians 2
• Rwandans 2
• SGBV 23
• Safe third country 28
• Saharawis 1
• Security forces 2
• Security situation 3
• Serious non-political crime 33
• Sexual and reproductive rights 2
• Sharia law 1
• Shia 3
• Sikh 2
• Single procedure 4
• Smuggling of persons 5
• Social group discrimination 8
• Social group persecution 91
• Standard of proof 20
• State of emergency 1
• State protection 102
• Stateless persons 6
• Statelessness 5
• Sur place persecution 10
• Suspensive effect 2
• Tamil 37
• Terrorism 39
• Tibetan 3
• Torture 3
• Trafficking in persons 5
• Travel documents 1
• Treaties / Agreements / Charters / Protocols / Conventions / Declarations 8
• Tutsis 7
• Unaccompanied / Separated children 15
• Unlawful departure 5
• Visas 9
• Voluntary repatriation 1
• War crimes 10
• Well-founded fear of persecution 50
• Withdrawal of nationality 1
• Witnesses 6
• Women's rights 2
• Women-at-risk 18

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• AlertNet - Canada
• Amnesty International - Canada
• CERIS - The Ontario Metropolis Centre
• Canadian Council for Refugees
• Canadian HIV/AIDS Legal Network
• Canadian HIV/AIDS Legal Network - Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity
• Canadian Research Institute for the Advancement of Women (CRIAW)
• Canadian Voice of Women for Peace (VOW)
• Centre for International Governance Innovation (CIGI)
• Citizenship and Immigration Canada
• Council of Europe, Venice Commission: Constitutional Courts (Links)
• Equitas, International Centre for Human Rights Education
• Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) - Canada
• Human Rights Watch (HRW) - Canada
• Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada (IRB)
• International Committee of the Red Cross - The ICRC in North America
• Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) - Canada
• Office of the Commissioner for Federal Judicial Affairs Canada
• Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) - Canada
• ReliefWeb - Canada
• Rights & Democracy
• School of Peace and Conflict Management, Royal Roads University
• UNHCR - Canada
• United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) - Canada
• United States Department of State - Canada
• Winnipeg Refugee Education Network (WREN)
• World Health Organization (WHO) - Canada